Page 196 - Nicolaes Witsen & Shipbuilding in the Dutch Golden Age

Figure 2.231. Plate XLV
(61 I 20) Here follows the proposed Ship, on the page plate as a whole, which above is shown in its parts, the Ropes pointed out with letters, the standing as well as the running rigging, names of the masts, blocks, sails, and their appurtenances.
a Are the mizzen shrouds, b the main shrouds, c the fore shrouds, [d is missing in Witsen’s text] e the mizzen topmast shrouds, f the main topmast shrouds, g the fore topmast shrouds, h the sprit topmast shrouds.
i Mizzen stay, K main stay, 1 forestay, 11 lanyards.
On large ships, a rope with knots can be foun d stretched forward on the bowsprit, which goes through the top and is tied to the bow, along which the Sailors climb up.
m Crossjack lift, n main lift, o fore lift, p the mizzen topmast lift or mizzen topsail yard lift, q main topsail yard lift, r fore topsail yard lift, s spritsail topsail yard lift, 31 the spritsail yard brace.
The crossjack yard is the yard underneath the mizzen top: Called begijn, because it is of as little use and as little service, as the womenfolk, found among the Roman Catholics, which are called Beguines, because no sail is bent to this yard, for which it is actually designed, but it is only applied to keep the rigging above out of the way.
Lifts are that with which the yards are leveled, or cockbilled, when sailing close-hauled.
t Is the mizzen topsail brace. v the main topsail brace, w the fore topsail brace, x the spritsail topsail brace, y the crossjack brace, z the main brace, ef the fore brace. Braces are the ropes with which the sails are turned, when lying on the mast.
1 the mizzen yard lift, 2 the main [topmast] backstay, 3 the fore topmast backstay, the backstay prevents the topmast from breaking, when running before the wind, instead of the stay.
4 the spritsail topsail crowsfoot, 44 the mizzen topmast crowsfoot.
5 the Mizzen topsail bowline, 6 the main topsail bowline, 7 the fore topsail bowline, with its bridles, also called th e skinny man. With bowlines the sail’s sides are trimmed, when close-hauled.
8 The Mizzen topsail sheet, 9 the main topsail sheet, 10 the fore topsail sheet, 11 the spritsail topsail sheet, 50 the spritsail sheet, 27 the foresail sheet, 23 the main sheet. The main [topsail] sheet goes from the ends of the main yard , through the topsail sheet block and through the single sheet block, it is belayed to a knee or pin, and used to haul the sails, and to ease, lik e the other sheets.
Spritsail yard braces are lines, with which the spritsail is raised, when hauling close.
T is the puddening, or the ser ving around the anchor ring, making it easier to handle, and to secure.
25 Is the main tack, 28 the foresail tack.
20 The mizzen clew lines [actually brails], 21 the main topsail clew lines, 24 the mainsail clew garnet, 26 the foresail clew garnet. These are on the inside, to clew up the sails.
32 the Main topmast sta y, 33 the fore topmast sta y. At the for ward side of the foresail is a bun tline, to enable taking in the sail.
11 is the mizzen halyard, 13 the main topsail halyard, 14 the fore topsail halyard, 15 the spritsail topsail halyard, 17 the mainsail halyard, 18 the foresail halyard: these are used to haul up the sails, and to drop them again.
30 spritsail preventer braces
51 The standing lift, which does the same work as the sp ritsail lifts, but is attached to the yard, and the bowsprit.
19 Is the spritsail halyard, 45 the anchor stock. 29 The mizzen sheet. 46 The agpole. 43 The main sheet block. 42 A ring
around the pump dale. 38 Mizzen deadeyes. 39 Mainmast deadeyes. 40 F ore deadeyes. [continued on facing page] 178