Page 70 - Nicolaes Witsen & Shipbuilding in the Dutch Golden Age

Chapter Two
times: at the beginning of the seventeenth century the up- per works of the stern were long and n arrow; later they became broader and lower. Witsen gives two formulas for calculating the distance between the tops of the top tim- bers: two feet wider than half the wing transom, or three fifths of the length of the wing transom. For the pinas this calculation would yield either 10 feet 1⁄2 inch or 11 feet 8 inches. However, the actual measure was 10 feet 6 inches wide.
10. Then the keel is laid.
(55 II 6) [. . .] the keel is laid on blocks ready for fur- ther building.
. ..
(72 II 11) A keel is laid higher at the end than at the forward end, for the ship to be launched better , for the yard needs to be rm.
. ..
(149 I 18) [ . . . ] and once the k eel scarf is made, the keel is laid, forward and aft, half the thickness of the stem higher, and kept as much lower in the middle, and then on each pile of blocks a cleat is nailed against
the keel, to prevent the keel from moving when plank- ing the ship, then the Boxing Scarf is made at the fore end of the keel, and a middle mark is made along the keel, from which the middle can always be measured. 4 or 5 bolts are nailed through the knee standing on the keel and against the stem: all the seams below are
lled with moss, against seepage. One should heed , that the k eel is laid a little longer than its required length, for the boxing scarf and the heel to be made at the ends.
Figure 2.29. (drawing I)
Figure 2.30. (drawing K)
Figure 2.31. Stern timber.
Figure 2.32. (drawing O)
(top left) Plate XLIX (top right) Plate XLIX (center) Plate XXVIII.
(bottom) Plate LI
a
b c d
e f g
(72 I 4)
Under letter O [in fig. 2.32] is the Middle mark.
The Rabbet.
The cleat against the keel.
A stake with w hich the k eel blocks are fas- tened.
The Keel block.
The Heel of the keel.
The Boxing Scarf.
3. The keel sagging 6 inches.
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