Page 67 - Trade and Food Standards

environmental health. One Health promotes information exchange among the health, food safety, agriculture, veterinary and environment sectors to support prevention, early warning and mitigation of events that threaten ”One Health” and carry implications for cross-border trade. Advancing the operationalization of the One Health approach – including by building networks incorporating policy, economic and social science inputs – could offer a means to attain optimal results in maintaining public health and economic stability. Looming risks – such as the potential failure to comprehensively address the problem of antimicrobial resistance, which is predicted to result in major economic losses and 10 million deaths annually by 2050 – make the promise of such an integrated approach all the more crucial.
A One Health approach allows regulators to pick up signals early. It facilitates holistic thinking when
proposing solutions so that when fixing one problem an even bigger problem is not created somewhere else.
The purpose of One Health is not specifically to address food-safety challenges, but mainly to consider the inter-related issues of various sectors in order to optimise the overall health of the planet. However, food safety is a key element of One Health, allowing better signals of change to be captured than from looking at food-safety data in isolation.
The global community needs to continue its commitment to advancing One Health and to improving the capacity to interpret the signals and take effective and early action to avoid food safety problems and trade disruptions.
Nutrition labelling and trade
Food labelling, including nutrition labelling, is an important interface between producers and consumers. All relevant information must be displayed on the label to ensure fair practices and allow consumers to make informed decisions (e.g. in case of allergies), or compare different products. There is growing global recognition in organizations such as WHO and FAO of the need to address obesity and diet-related NCDs. It is recognized that an unhealthy diet is one of the leading causes of the global burden of disease, and implies significant economic and social costs.
Many countries have identified nutrition labelling as a policy option for the prevention of obesity and diet-related NCDs. At ICN2 governments affirmed their commitment to “create an enabling environment for making informed choices about food products”. Food labelling was included among the recommendations in the ICN2 Framework for Action. The recently declared United Nations Decade of Action on Nutrition provides further opportunities for governments to develop and implement international standards, including food-labelling policies, to help consumers make informed food choices.
The Codex Committee on Food Labelling (CCFL) sets standards and guidelines for labelling applicable to all foods. Its particular emphasis is on the need to provide truthful and useful information to consumers by establishing general rules for labelling as well as specific rules for nutrition labelling and claims. Since 2005, following the adoption of the WHO Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health, CCFL has worked on updating its guidelines, to allow for improving diets and the
reduction of NCDs. Since 2012, Codex has recommended that nutrition labelling should be mandatory for the majority of pre- packaged foods.
A growing number of governments now require additional nutritional information on food products, in the form of front- of-pack labelling, giving consumers a visual representation of the amount of certain substances, such as sugar, fat and salt, sometimes linked to colour-coding to motivate consumers to avoid foods high in certain nutrients.
In the WTO, front-of-pack labelling schemes have led to much discussion in the TBT Committee in recent years in the context of STCs regarding the potential inconsistency of these schemes with existing Codex standards and the provisions of the TBT Agreement. In addition, the current proliferation of various schemes may prove confusing for consumers and lead to trade problems. In response to these concerns, CCFL will review different front-of-pack nutrition-labelling schemes and evaluate whether common principles can be developed. FAO’s work on providing relevant, reliable and up-to-date food-composition data, through the International Network of Food Data Systems (INFOODS), provides important assistance in the development of nutrition-labelling standards.
This example demonstrates how discussions on standards in the WTO TBT Committee can have a positive effect on the further development of Codex standards and improve the overall system for the benefit of consumers and trade.
Part 3. A dynamic system 55