Page 128 - Ecuador's Banana Sector under Climate Change

ecuador’s banana sector under climate change: an economic and biophysical assessment to promote a sustainable and climate-compatible strategy
Table 34 Inventory data: ripening facilities (per tonne)
Inputs
Item Amount
Unripened bananas 1.00 tonne Electricity 62.47 kWh Ethylene2 0.36 kg Ethylene bottles3 0.04 kg Cardboard
Outputs
Source: 1 Svanes (2012), Luske (2010, Eitner et al. (2012); 2 Svanes (2012); 3 Author’s calculations; 4 Luske (2010); 5 INE (2011)
Table 35 Waste disposal in Spain
Types of waste
Municipal Solid Waste (mixed: black bag) Paper and cardboard
Plastics
Source: INE (2011)
Recycling, Compost Landfill Incineration
...........................................% ...........................................
Item
Amount
0.99 tonne 4.12 kg 1.09 kg 0.06 kg 0.34 kg
Ripened bananas4 Waste sent to landfill4,5 Waste sent to incineration4,5 Plastics sent for recycling4,5 Sent for recycling4,5
this stage, in accordance to Luske (2010)). The waste relates to the outcome of quality control and loss during the transportation process, as well as the packaging and ethylene bottles.
In terms of electricity usage, the value that is applied corresponds to the average of the following figures: 0.136 kWh/kg and 0.046 of bananas, reported by Svanes (2012) for Germany and Norway, respectively; 0.066 kWh/kg, reported by Luske (2010); and 0.027-0.039 kWh/kg, reported by Eitner et al. (2012).
With regard to the use of ethylene, Svanes (2012) applies between 0.36 and 0.37 g/kg of bananas for ripening in the facilities in Germany and Norway. These figures are in line with the estimates made in this study, based on the volume
of the rooms and the concentration required (100-150 part per million (ppm), according to Kitinoja and Kader (2002)). The distribution shown in Table 35 has been assumed for waste management (INE, 2011).
a) Transportation from ripening facility to regional distribution centre
In terms of the distribution of the fruit, the most important RDCs for agrifood products in Spain were selected (Figure 39). Table 36 shows the average distance covered is 300 km by unrefrigerated truck (>32 tonnes).
b) Regional distribution centre
Bananas are palletized upon entering the regional distribution centres, where secondary packaging is removed (pallets, corners and polypropylene strapping
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0.03 98.42 83.11
78.86 21.11 1.58 0.00 16.89 0.00