Page 134 - Ecuador's Banana Sector under Climate Change

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substances with emission factors available; and substances with emission factors not available:
a) classified according to particular function (e.g. fungicide, herbicide,
insecticide); or
b) classified as an unspecified pesticide.
ecuador’s banana sector under climate change: an economic and biophysical assessment to promote a sustainable and climate-compatible strategy
Table 43 Ecuador’s electricity production profile
Source of emissions
Coal and peat
Oil
Gas
Biofuels 483 Hydro 8 636 Wind 3 Total production 19 273 Imports 863 Colombia 785 Peru 78 Total 20 136
Source: IEA (2010)
Electricity (GWh)
Electricity (%)
0.00 39.54 10.88
2.40 42.89 0.01
-
- 3.90 0.39 100.00
0 7 961 2 190
c) Transport in relation to fertilizers and pesticides production
The list of commercial products and brands is constant and, therefore, some simplification was required in order to include all the substances used for fertilization and pest and disease management. In terms of pesticides, the products used at the plantation level have been classified according to the following groups (Table 44):
A similar procedure was applied in the case of fertilizers, where classification was done on the basis of their formulation (Table 45).
As previously stated, fertilizers and pesticides are mainly produced in Europe and imported by Ecuador by way of transoceanic freight ships. An average distance of 11 000 km has been assumed, resulting in an emission factor of 117.70 kg CO2eq/tonne of exported bananas.
d) Road transportation
With regard to unrefrigerated transport, emission factors have been applied from the EcoInvent database (Spielmann et al., 2007) and these include the environmental impacts associated with the construction, maintenance and operation of the truck, as well as the construction and maintenance of roads. In terms of load, the dataset assumes that the truck is full for delivery and returns empty (i.e. 50 percent of average load).
On the other hand, modifications were required with regard to refrigerated transport, in order to include the extra amount of diesel needed to operate the
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