Page 8 - Dream 2047_October_Hindi

doj LVksjh
DokaVe fj,sfyVh 1⁄4okLrfodrk1⁄2 dks nks vfuok;Z fo'ks"krkvksa }kjk O;ä fd;k tk ldrk gS% lqijiksft'ku vkSj ,UVSaxYesaV ;k lafyIrrkA lqijiksft'ku nks vU;Fkk Lora= voLFkkvksa dk ,d la;kstu gS] tSls ,d gh le; esa laxhr ds nks vyx-vyx uksV~l ctk dj ,d lqijiksTM uksV iSnk fd;k tkrk gSA lqijiksft'ku ds dkj.k gh O;frdj.k 1⁄4interference1⁄2 gksrk gS-tSls tc ,d gh rjg dh ;k ,d gh voLFkk 1⁄4phase1⁄2 dh nks rjaxsa ,d nwljs ij vkjksfir gksrh gSaA blls ,d T;knk cM+h rjax iSnk gksxh] ftlls bl laiks"kh 1⁄4constructive1⁄2 O;frdj.k 1⁄4interference1⁄2 esa vf/kd ÅtkZ Hkh iSnk gksxhA ;fn os fojks/kh voLFkk dh gSa rks ifj.kkeh rjax esa 'kwU; vk;ke 1⁄4amplitude1⁄2 gksxk] ftlls _.kkRed O;frdj.k gksxkA _.kkRed O;frdj.k dk mi;ksx xyr ifj.kkeksa dks fQYVj djus ds fy, fd;k tk ldrk gS] tcfd jpukRed gLr{ksi dEI;wVs'ku dh ,d cM+h] tfVy leL;k ds lgh lek/kku dh igpku djus esa enn dj ldrk gSA
jpukRed 1⁄4lia k"s kd1⁄2 O;frdj.k
_.kkRed O;frdj.k
,UVSaxYesaV ;k lafyIrrk dk fopkj HkkSfrdh ds Dykfldy rdZ ds myV pyrk gSA ;fn dksbZ nks flDds mNkyrk gS] rks Dykfldy rdZ esa ,d ds V‚l ds ifj.kke dk nwljs ds ifj.kke ij dksbZ vlj ugha iM+rk gS] ysfdu DokaVe rdZ esa os ,d-nwljs dks çHkkfor djrs gSa; nwljs 'kCnksa esa] os vkil esa lafyIr gSaA lw{e Lrj ij] ç—fr vkil esa lafyIr gS ;k ijLij tqM+h gqbZ gSA ,UVSaxYesaV gj le; vkSj LFkku ds DokaVe d.kksa dks vkil esa bl rjg cka/krk gS fd Dykfldy HkkSfrdh mldh O;k[;k ugha dj ldrhA lafyIr voLFkk esa] dHkh fdlh le; ,d-nwljs ds laidZ esa vkus okys d.kksa ds chp LFkk;h lafyIrrk mRiUu gks tkrh gS] pkgs os ,d-nwljs ls brus nwj D;ksa uk gks tk,a fd muds chp lwpuk ;k çdk'k dk rRdky vknku-çnku vlaHko gks] rc Hkh ,d d.k dh voLFkk esa cnyko ls nwljs d.k dh voLFkk esa rRdky ifjorZu vk tkrk gSA vk'p;Zpfdr vkbULVkbu us bls ^^nwj py jgh ,d Mjkouh dkjZokbZ^^ dgk] ysfdu bldk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd ,d dh voLFkk dks ekius ls ge Lor% nwljs dh voLFkk dh Hkh x.kuk dj ldrs gSa] pkgs os fdruh Hkh nwj D;ksa u gksaA ;fn DokaVe daI;wVj ds fcV~l vkil esa lafyIr gSa] rks mu lHkh dks ,d lkFk ekik tk ldrk gS vkSj ifj.kkeLo:i ;g daI;wVj dks çkslsflax dh vf/kd 'kfä çnku djrk gSA
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Dykfldy daI;wVj ds 0 vkSj 1 fcV~l ds myV DokaVe daI;wVj ^D;qfcV~l* ;k DokaVe fcV~l ij dke djrs gSa] tks fcV~l dh lqijiksft'ku voLFkk,a gSaA D;qfcV~l fdlh bysDVa‚u ds ?kqeko 1⁄4spin1⁄2 ;k QksVksu ds vfHkfoU;kl tSlh HkkSfrd ç.kkfy;ksa dk mi;ksx djrs gSa tks ,d lkFk dbZ lqijikst~M voLFkkvksa esa ekStwn gks ldrh gSaA lafyIrrk ;kuh ,UVSaxYesaV ds ek/;e ls vkil esa tqM+s gksus ds dkj.k lhfer la[;k esa D;qfcV~l dk ,d lsV ,d lkFk dbZ vyx-vyx phtksa dk çfrfuf/kRo dj ldrk gSA ,d lk/kkj.k daI;wVj esa 2 fcV~l ,d ckj esa voLFkkvksa ds pkj laHkkfor la;kstuksa 00]01]10 ;k 111⁄2 esa ls dsoy ,d dks LVksj dj ldrs gSa] ysfdu 2 D;qfcV~l ,d gh le; esa lHkh pkj dks LVksj dj ldrs gSaA n fcV~l okyk ,d Dykfldy daI;wVj ,d le; esa 2n fofHkUu voLFkkvksa esa ls dsoy ,d esa ekStwn gks ldrk gS] ysfdu n D;qfcV~l okyk ,d DokaVe daI;wVj ,d gh le; esa 2n vyx-vyx voLFkkvksa esa gks ldrk gSA fdlh Dykfldy daI;wVj esa fcV~l dh la[;k dks nksxquk djus ls mldh çkslsl djus dh 'kfä nksxquh gksrh gSA ysfdu lafyIrrk ;kfu ,UVSaxYesaV ds dkj.k fdlh DokaVe e'khu esa vfrfjä D;qfcV tksM+us ls mldh 'kfä dbZ xquk c<+ tkrh gSA bl çdkj] fdlh Dykfldy daI;wVj esa 8 fcV~l ,d ckj esa 28 3⁄4 256 ;kuh 0 ls 255 rd dh la[;kvksa esa ls fdlh ,d dk çfrfuf/kRo dj ldrs gSa] ysfdu 8 D;qfcV~l ,d lkFk
lafyIr voLFkk esa] dHkh fdlh le; ,d-nwljs ds laidZ esa vk;s d.kksa ds chp LFkk;h lafyIrrk mRiUu gks tkrh gS] pkgs os ,d-nwljs ls brus nwj D;ksa u gks tk,a fd muds chp lwpuk ;k çdk'k dk rRdky vknku- çnku vlaHko gks] rc Hkh ,d d.k dh voLFkk esa cnyko ls nwljs d.k dh voLFkk esa rRdky ifjorZu vk tkrk gSA
0 ls 255 rd dh gj la[;k dk çfrfuf/kRo dj ldrs gSaA bl çdkj dqN lkS lafyIr ;kfu ,UVSaxYM D;qfcV~l czãkaM esa ijek.kqvksa dh dqy la[;k dh rqyuk esa vf/kd la[;kvksa dk çfrfuf/kRo djus ds fy, i;kZIr gksaxsA xwxy ds DokaVe çkslslj ^lkbdSeksj^ esa dsoy 54 D;qfcV~l Fks] tks yxHkx nl DokfMafy;u 1⁄410161⁄2 laHkkfor lqijiksTM voLFkkvksa dk çfrfuf/kRo dj ldrs gSaA bl çdkj DokaVe daI;wVj Dykfldy daI;wVjksa ls csgrj çn'kZu dj ldrs gSa-os laHkkfor la;kstuksa dks ,d lkFk cM+h la[;k esa laHkky ldrs gSaA