Page 3 - Bigyan_Katha_Feb_2021

‡deaæqvix 2021 3
gyL¨ cÖeÜ
D‡cwÿZ gnvRxeb: k¤¢ybv_ ‡`
Zcb‡gvnb PμeZ©x
AwZgvix ‡KvwfW-19-Gi c‡Ö Kv‡c mviv wek¦ AvR wech¯© Í| f¨vKwmb evIlay GKvšÍc‡ÖqvRb|c‡ÖPóv
Pj‡Q| fviZxq weÁvbxivI wcwQ‡q ‡bB| AZx‡Z Avgv‡`i ‡`k ‡_‡KB A‡bK wKse`šÍx wPwKrmvweÁvbx bvbv ‡ÿ‡Î Zv‡u `i Ae`vb ‡i‡L ‡M‡Qb Ges Zv‡u `i A‡b‡KB ‡mfv‡e cPÖ v‡ii Av‡jvq Av‡mbwb| GgbB GK cwÖ Zfvai wPwKrmvweÁvbx Wv3vi k¤b¢y v_ ‡`| 1jv ‡deæaqvixZviu Rb¥w`bDcj‡ÿZv‡uKk×Ö vÄwj Rvbv‡Z GB ceÖ ‡Üi AeZviYv| RxerKv‡j GB weÁvbxZviu cvÖc¨m¤§vbcvbwb|AvRImvaviY evOvwjmgvRwPwKrmvweÁv‡bZviu Ae`v‡bi K_v Rv‡bbv ej‡jB P‡j| GB msKUKv‡j Zviu bxieA_PcZÖ ¨qxM‡elYvIRxebAvgv‡`i Kv‡Q Ab‡y ciÖ Yv¯i^ ƒc n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i|
2011 mv‡ji ‡deæa qvix gv‡m Wv3vi k¤b¢y v_ ‡`Õi¯§i‡YcKÖ vwkZTheIndianJournalof Medical Research-Gi GK we‡kl msL¨vq Zviu m¤ú‡K© wjwLZ GKwU ceÖ ‡Ü Wv3vi evjKò... bvqviI‡Rvwmdjz U‡Kv`vwj‡L‡QbÒHis
work sang but he was unsungÓ| KjKvZvi National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Disease-GiGB`By M‡elKAv‡ivRvwb‡q‡Qb ÒWe usually end our lectures on cholera in India with two questions, who discovered the causative agent of the disease and the other question is who discovered cholera toxin. Eventually there is an answer for question 1 but rarely do participants know the answer to question 2Ó| cwiZv‡ci welq k¤b¢yv‡_iZx2gYxlv,Zviu Aa¨emvqIGesZviu K‡jiv Uw·b I K‡jiv ‡ivM msμgY c×wZ Avwe®‹v‡ii K_v mvaviY gvb‡y li Z_v wkwÿZ mgv‡Ri Kv‡Q GL‡bv ARvbv i‡q ‡M‡Q|
we‡`‡k¯x^KZ... n‡jIZviu Kv‡Ri¯x^Kw...Z‡Z Avgv‡`i ‡`‡kB k¤b¢y v_‡K KL‡bv we‡kl ‡Kv‡bv m¤§vb Rvbv‡bv nq wb| bv Zv‡u K ‡`Iqv n‡q‡Q wPwKrmvweÁv‡bi ‡Kvb cvÖ wZôvwbK mfvi m`m¨c` ev ‡d‡jvwkc, bv ‡c‡q‡Qb ‡Kvb we‡kl m¤§vb
ev ciy ¯‹vi| GKgvÎ KjKvZv wekw¦ e`¨vjq 1956 mv‡jZviu Amvgvb¨Kv‡Ri¯x^Kw...Z‡Z‡KvUm c`K (Coates Medal) w`‡q Zv‡u K m¤§vwbZ K‡i|Zviu gZ„ ¨iy ciLey m¤úwÖZZviu ‰eÁvwbK Ae`v‡bi¯x^Kw...Z‡Z‰eÁvwbKgn‡jwZwbAv`Z„
n‡”Qb| 1978 mv‡j AZ¨šÍ ghv© `vm¤úbœ 43Zg ‡bv‡ej wm‡çvwmqv‡g K‡jiv I Wv‡qwiqv m¤úwKZ© Av‡jvPbvq Avgwš¿Z n‡q Wv3vi k¤b¢y v_ ‡` mBy ‡W‡bi ivRavbx ÷Knj‡g hvb| Zviu Av‡jvPbvi ‡k‡l k¤b¢y v_ Zviu nZvkvi K_v cKÖ vk K‡i e‡jb, Ò1960 mv‡ji c_Ö g w`K ‡_‡K Avwg fxlY fv‡e ‡f‡1⁄2 cwo| ‡bv‡ej wm‡çvwmqvg KwgwU Avgv‡K Avkvi Av‡jv ‡`wL‡q‡Q ...| ‡hfv‡e Avwg Avgvi M‡elYv Pvjv‡Z PvB, Zv Avgvi GB mxwgZ ms¯v’ b I chÖ wy 3i Øviv K‡i IVv m¤¢eci bq e‡y S Avwg K‡jiv G›Uv‡ivUw·b wb‡q
Øviv cPÖ wjZ wPšÍvaviv¸wji Avgj~ cwieZb© Avb‡Z cvi‡eb| ... welqwU hZ mnR e‡jB g‡b ‡nvK bv ‡Kb, Zviu GB Awfbe I ‡gŠwjK M‡elYvi dj¯i^ ƒc ‡h Avwe®‹vi¸wj n‡Z _vK‡jv Zv‡Z K‡jiv ‡iv‡Mi DrcwËi m¤c‡K© wPivPwiZ aviYv¸wj eive‡ii Rb¨ e`‡j ‡Mj|Ó GLv‡b we‡klfv‡e D‡jLø Kiv hvq 1958 mv‡j wPwKrmvweÁv‡b ‡bv‡ej ciy ¯‹vicvÖ ß Aa¨vcK Joshua Lederberg-Gi gšÍe¨,
whwb evievi k¤b¢y v‡_i bvg ‡bv‡ej ciy ¯‹v‡ii Rb¨ ‡bv‡ej KwgwUi Kv‡Q mcy vwik K‡i‡Qb, Ò‡iv‡Mi DcmM© I jÿY¸wj ch‡© eÿY K‡i
‡` (k¤b¢y v_) w¯i’ wm×v‡šÍ Av‡mb ‡h K‡jiv ‡iv‡Mi Acwinvh© KviYB n‡”Q wWnvB‡Wka b (dehydration)| K‡jiv ‡iv‡Mi RxevYy gvb‡y li A‡š¿ ïagy vÎ R‡ji wbtmi‡Yi cwigvY evwo‡qB gvb‡y li gZ„ ¨y NUv‡Z cv‡i|Ó
1947 mv‡j k¤by¢ v_ Bsj¨v‡Û hvb jÛ‡bi
University College Hospital Medical School-G ¯b^ vgab¨ c¨v_jwR÷ Aa¨vcK G.R.Cameron-Gi Aax‡b wc GBP wW Kivi Rb¨| k¤by¢ v‡_i AvRxeb ¸YMvÖ nx Aa¨vcK Cameron Zviu ‰eÁvwbK cwÖ Zfv m¤ú‡K© e‡j‡Qb, ÒAvgvi ‡miv Qv·`i g‡a¨ k¤by¢ v_ wbtm‡›`‡n Ab¨Zg Ges Avgvi wekv¦ m fvi‡Z wZwbB n‡”Qb me‡© kôÖ G·‡cwi‡g›Uvj c¨v_jwR÷|Ó
1949 mv‡j jÛb ‡_‡K wc GBP wW wWMxÖ wb‡q k¤b¢y v_ KjKvZvq wd‡i G‡m bxjiZb miKvi ‡gwW‡Kj K‡j‡Ri c¨v_jwR wefv‡M ‡hvM ‡`b Ges K‡jiv ‡ivM I Zviu msμgY welqK M‡elYv Zviu Rxe‡bi a¨vbÁvb n‡q I‡V| cieZx© Kv‡j wZwb KjKvZv ‡gwW‡Kj K‡j‡Ri c¨v_jwR wefv‡M c‡Ö dmi I wW‡i±i c‡` eZ„ nb| K‡j‡Ri cVbcvVb ‡kl K‡i w`‡bi ‡k‡l wZwb emy weÁvb gw›`‡i M‡elYv Ki‡Z ‡h‡Zb| GgbwK iweeviI ev` ‡hZ
bv| wZwb ÔRabbit Intestinal Loop ModelÕ wb‡q KvR ïiæ K‡ib| Zviu GB Kv‡Ri d‡j cgÖ vwYZ nq ‡h K‡jiv D`ivgq-RwbZ GKwU gviY ‡ivM Ges wWnvB‡Wka bB Gi gj~ KviY| k¤b¢y v‡_i GB Avwe®‹v‡ii Av‡M GB ‡iv‡Mi RxevYiy (bacteria) mwVK cKÖ w... Z bv Rvbvi Kvi‡Y fviZxq Dcgnv‡`k I BD‡ivc AMwYZ gvbly cvÖ Y nvwi‡q‡Qb| GgbUvB cPÖ wjZ aviYv ‡h Awef3 evsjvi h‡kv‡i (eZg© vb evsjv‡`‡k) 1817 mv‡j c_Ö g K‡jivi cvÖ `fy v© e N‡U| ‡Kvb ‡KvbmgqK‡jivGgbgnvgvixiiƒcaviY
Avgvi KvR eÜ K‡i w`B|Ó Zviu Avgv‡`i gb‡K cxov ‡`q|
GB Av‡ÿc
wesk kZvãxi cÂv‡ki `k‡K wPwKrmvweÁvbx Wv3vi k¤b¢y v_ ‡` KjKvZvq e‡m bxi‡e wPwKrmvweÁv‡b GK hMy všÍKvix weceø NwU‡qwQ‡jb| GB mg‡qB wZwb K‡jiv ‡iv‡Mi Uw·b Avwe®‹vi K‡ib| wZwb mgKvjxb h‡y Mi wPšÍvfvebv ‡_‡K A‡bKUvB GwM‡q wQ‡jb| K‡jiv ‡iv‡Mi DrcwËi KviY m¤ú‡K© cPÖ wjZ a¨vbaviYv¸wj ‡_‡K Zviu wPšÍvfvebv wQj A‡bKUvB e¨wZμgx| ZvB K‡jiv ‡ivM wb‡q M‡elYvi Rb¨ wZwb ‡e‡Q wb‡qwQ‡jb GKwU Ab¨ ai‡Yi cwÖ μqv ‡hwU‡K ejv nq ÔThe Rabbit Intestinal Loop ModelÕ| wZwb GBc×wZwU‡KZviu c‡ÖqvRbg‡ZvA‡bKUvB cwiewZZ© K‡i wb‡qwQ‡jb| Zviu GB c×wZwUi c‡Ö qvM m¤ú‡K© ‡kvbv hvK wbD BqK© ‡÷U
qwy bfvwmw© Ui gvB‡μvev‡qvjwRi Aa¨vcK John P. Craig-Gi e3e¨, Òg‡b nq RM‡Z ZLb GgbB DTM¢vebx kw3m¤úbœ GK ‰eÁvwb‡Ki c‡ÖqvRbwQjwhwbZviu mnRvZ‰eÁvwbKcÁÖ vi
cÂg c„ôvq `Öóe¨|