Page 121 - AWSAR 2.0

a common DC bus, operating on DC power. The brain of a microgrid is a microgrid manager, which controls and coordinates among different sources and loads for optimal power delivery and energy management. These microgrids typically operate at 48 V DC voltage and can power nearby few
Fig. 1. Typical renewable energy–based DC microgrid structure with various sources and loads.
houses without any significant power loss on DC cables. It is not advisable to transfer high power on low DC voltage because of losses involved in the resistance of cables. Therefore, energy sources are placed near to consumption points in a microgrid. Distributed generation and consumption are an inherent part of a microgrid, which gives flexibility in terms of operation, maintenance and management.
In India, the concept
of a cooperative society is
a grand success through a
feeling of belongingness and
responsibility among people.
This scheme appears to be the
best method for the operation and maintenance of microgrids in a village through panchayat or
Mr. Anand Abhishek || 97
cooperative society. In my research work, I am developing a 500 W solar PV–based microgrid system for a single household that can cater lighting, cooling, mobile charging, TV and other small load requirements of a typical two- room set. The system can interact with the electricity grid for tapping extra power in case of high demand or feeding surplus power to the grid. There is two series-connected 12- V, 200-A sealed lead acid battery for energy storage, which can give 1-day backup. For power-sharing among houses, I am developing a converter that will enable the transfer of power from one house to another at a higher DC voltage if demanded by another house. The system will have a provision to enable individual houses to draw more power from the microgrid at a premium price based on manual request and automated supply system. The entire microgrid system will be controlled by a set of intelligent controllers operating at
different levels with specific functionality. The system will be totally autonomous and will require community involvement for scheduled maintenance, cleaning of PV panels, etc.
The outcome of my research work will be a renewable energy–based DC microgrid system that will be modular, scalable, controllable and ideal for rural electrification in Indian village conditions. DC microgrid systems have the potential to empower and lighten our villages from the grass-root level. It will augment the government’s ambitious ‘Saubhagya Yojna’. Apart from providing light, rural electrification through
DC microgrid will have several other benefits, such as improved health care, better quality
These phenolic compounds were the chemicals of major concern. They tend to persist in the environment over a long period of time. Due to their recalcitrant nature, they accumulated and exerted a toxic effect on humans and animals. Chlorophenols are still being used as pesticides, fungicides, bactericides and herbicides and in agricultural sectors, paint paper industry, etc.