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Possible signalling pathways utilised by SARS-CoV-2 for cellular hijacking
by mutated virus in a host was investigated. Updated protein sequences from the NCBI virus database were procured. Mutations were analysed in the retrieved sequences of the viral proteins through multiple sequence alignment. Additionally, the data was subjected to ScanPROSITE to analyse if the mutations generated a relevant sequence for host signalling. Unique mutations in E, M, and S proteins resulted in modification sites like PKC phosphorylation and N-myristoylation sites. Based on a structural analysis, the study revealed that the D614G mutation in the S protein diminished the interaction with T859 and K854 of adjacent chains. Moreover, the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 consists of an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) tripeptide sequence, which could potentially interact with various members of the integrin family receptors. RGD sequence in S protein might aid in the initial virus attachment. Crucial host pathways, which the mutated isolates of SARS-CoV-2 may alter like PKC, Src, and integrin mediated signalling pathways, were speculated. PKC signalling is known to influence the caveosome/raft pathway, which is critical for virus entry. Additionally, the myristoylated proteins might activate NF-kB, a master molecule of inflammation. Thus the mutations may contribute to the disease pathogenesis and distinct lung pathophysiological changes. Further, the frequently occurring mutations in the protein can be studied for possible therapeutic interventions.
Contact info:
hemcjha@iiti.ac.in
Website link:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7980187/pdf/main.pdf
IIT Indore studies insights into Plasmodium and SARS-CoV-2
co-infection driven neurological manifestations
In malaria-endemic regions, people often get exposed to various pathogens simultaneously, generating co-infection scenarios. In such scenarios, overlapping symptoms pose serious diagnostic challenges. The delayed diagnosis may lead to an increase in disease severity and catastrophic events. The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has affected various areas globally, including malaria-endemic regions. The Plasmodium and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection and its effect on health are yet unexplored. The National Institute of Technology (NIT) Jalandhar has presented a case report of a previously healthy, middle-aged individual from the malaria- endemic area who suffered SARS-CoV-2 and Plasmodium falciparum co-infection. The patient developed severe disease indications in a short time period. The patient showed neurological
VOL. IV ISSUE 7
VIGYAN PRASAR 12
COVID-19 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EFFORTS IN INDIA