The Punishment Cycle
                                                                          Child struggles
                                       6                                due to low skills &                             1
                                                                            high needs
                                            Poorer executive                                          1. Negative adult
                                            functioning skills                                            response
                                                                                                                          2
                                    5
                                          Higher sensitivity                                               2. Sanction:
                                            to challenge /                                                 connections
                                              stressors                                                      worsen
                                                                                                                        3
                                         4
                                               Increase in stress                                   Sanction: sense of
                                                     levels                                          control worsens