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CARABINER SHAPES
Carabiners are manufactured in several popular shapes (Figure 28), which primarily
include;
• Oval: Symmetrically shaped with smooth regular curves. The oval design places
the load on both the solid spine and the gate side, which eliminates off-axis
loading.
• Asymmetrical D-shape: The asymmetrical lopsided shape transfers the majority
of their load onto the spine, which is the carabiner's strongest axis. These are

utilized in a standard in rescue load applications.

Figure 28- Carabiner Shapes. Images © Petzl

• Modified/Offset-D: Very similar in design and function as a D-shape carabiner.
The main difference is the exaggerated asymmetrical design, allowing for an
even wider gate opening.
• Pearbiner/HMS: Specialized oversized offset-D (pear-shaped) used in belaying

and in conjunction with the Italian (Munter) Hitch. HMS is an acronym for
“Halbmastwurf sicherung”, which in German means “half clove hitch”, another
name for an Italian Hitch.

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