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ɪɚɛɨɬ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɢ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɞ
ɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɗɬɨɬ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ
ɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
Ɋɚɫɱɺɬ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ
ɋɭɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɨɜ ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɟɬɢ ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨ
ɬɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢɯ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚ
ɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɨɪɦ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɨɧɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɡɧɚɹ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ² ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ
ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɸ
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɩɨ
ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɦ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚ
ɧɢɹɦ
1 n
t = ∑ t ,
p
i p
n i=1
ɝɞɟ W ² ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ i ɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ n ² ɱɢɫɥɨ ɨɩɵɬɨɜ
pi
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹ
ɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
í ɪɚɧɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɟ ɫɪɨɤɢ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ
í ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɝɨ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɢ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ
í ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɭɬɢ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ d = d Ɉ ɝɞɟ Ɉ ² ɤɨɧɟɱ
ɤɪ
ɧɨɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɪɚɛɨɬ
í ɪɟɡɟɪɜ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ ɬ ɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɵ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɨ
ɤɨɜ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶ
ɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɯɨɞɚ ɪɚɛɨɬ
í ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɺɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ² ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɢɧ ɧɟ
ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɬɪɟɡɤɨɜ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɭɬɟɣ
ɡɚɤɥɸɱɺɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɞɧɢɦɢ ɢ ɬɟɦɢ ɠɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɦɢ ɩɪɢɧɚɞ
ɥɟɠɚɳɢɦɢ ɨɛɨɢɦ ɩɭɬɹɦ
ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɪɚɛɨɬ
ɇɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɞɨɛɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ
ɪɚɛɨɬ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛ
ɪɚɡɨɦ
