Page 139 - LECTURETTE TOPICS eBOOK

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rights, and respect for the rule of law, political tolerance, multi-party system, and
many more.

Modern democracy is divided into three branches: Legislative- people who make
the law 2) Executive: people who make sure you obey the law and 3) Judiciary:
Who judge you if you commit a crime. The above three branches are independent
of each other and most importantly, even they have the responsibility of following the
law and not exceed the authority.

In general, a democratic set up should reflect the interest, value and desire of the
society that it governs. One of the fallback, of a democratic ruling was that the
powerful people always had more power and that is why a good democracy also has
the law to protect the rights of smaller and weaker groups.

It is to note that every country has its unique democratic system but all these different
democracies are laid on a fundamental set of principles.

Indian democracy, one of the largest democratic countries in the world, was created
in 1947 under the leadership of Indian National Congress. Being aconstitutional
republic, it is governed under the world’s largest constitution written by B.R.
Ambedkar.

Our democratic principles are as follows:

India is a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic and Republic where
Sovereign means independent, Socialist means social and economic equality for all
Indian citizens, Secular means freedom to choose and practice your religion,
Democratic means democratically elected governance, Republic means head of the
state (the president) is not hereditary king/ruler but an individual indirectly elected by
people.

Initially, in countries like USA and Britain, the voting right wasn’t given for all of the
citizens. Blacks and women were excluded, In fact, voting right was limited to
intellectuals and officials. India, on the other hand, granted voting rights to all its
citizens irrespective of caste, race and gender.

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