Page 317 - General Knowledge

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 2019

Cause for variation of scaling
 Influence of boundary is an increase of proportion of boundaries, existence of surface and
geometrical reconstruction.
 Decrease of the number of particles, decrease of confinement and increase of perturbation.
 Different scaling for different physical entity.

Major Quantum effect on the nano scale
 Interference: Interference is a phenomenon in which two waves superpose to form a
resultant wave of greater, lower, or the same amplitude.
 Quantization: Quantization is the process of transition from a classical understanding of
physical phenomena to a newer understanding known as quantum mechanics.
 It is a procedure for constructing a quantum field theory starting from a classical field theory.

 Tunneling: A quantum-mechanical process by which a particle can pass through a potential
energy barrier that is higher than the energy of the particle: first postulated to explain the
escape of alpha particles from atomic nuclei. Also called tunneling.

 Quantum Spin: An intrinsic form of angular momentum carried by elementary particles,
composite particles (hadrons), and atomic nuclei.
IMPORTANT FACTS

 Newton‘ First Law – Object in motion tends to stay in motion unless an external force
acting on it.
 Newton‘s Second Law – Force acts on an object will cause the object to accelerate.
 Newton‘s Third Law – Every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

 Friction – Motion of one object moving relative to another.
 Types of Friction – Static, Sliding and Rolling.

 Work is a scalar quantity and SI unit of work is Joule.
 Energy – Capacity to do work.

 Power – Rate of doing work. SI unit is Joule/Second or Watts.

 Light is an electromagnetic radiation. Represented by the symbol c.
 Types of motion – Periodic, Oscillatory, Wave motion.

 Transverse Wave – Wave vibrates at right angles to the direction of its propagation.

 Longitudinal wave – Parallel to the propagation of the wave.
 Greenhouse Effect – Trapping of heat is known as greenhouse effect.

 Nuclear Fusion – Two or more lighter nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus.
 Isotopes – same element having the same atomic number.

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