Page 37 - Demo

%u4ee3%u865f%uff1a6401 %u9801%u6b21%uff1a4%uff0d3 25 %u300c%u884c%u653f%u7d44%u7e54%u662f%u6a5f%u95dc%u6b0a%u8cac%u5206%u914d%u7684%u95dc%u4fc2%u6216%u5c64%u7d1a%u7bc0%u5236%u9ad4%u7cfb%u300d%uff0c%u9019%u53e5%u8a71%u662f%u5c6c%u65bc%u4e0b%u5217%u4f55%u7a2e%u7d44%u7e54%u610f%u7fa9%u7684%u89c0%u9ede%uff1f%ue18c%u975c%u614b%u7684%uff08static%uff09 %ue18d%u52d5%u614b%u7684%uff08dynamic%uff09 %ue18e%u6709%u6a5f%u7684%uff08organic%uff09 %ue18f%u5fc3%u7406%u7684%uff08psychological%uff0926 %u5728%u6b21%u7d1a%u7cfb%u7d71%u7406%u8ad6%u4e2d%uff0c%u4f55%u7a2e%u6b21%u7d1a%u7cfb%u7d71%u4fc2%u8cab%u7a7f%u6574%u500b%u7d44%u7e54%uff0c%u5176%u4f5c%u7528%u5728%u65bc%u6574%u5408%u3001%u5354%u8abf%u3001%u8a2d%u8a08%u8207%u63a7%u5236%uff1f%ue18c%u7d50%u69cb%u6b21%u7d1a%u7cfb%u7d71%uff08structural subsystem%uff09 %ue18d%u6280%u8853%u6b21%u7d1a%u7cfb%u7d71%uff08technical subsystem%uff09%ue18e%u793e%u6703%u5fc3%u7406%u6b21%u7d1a%u7cfb%u7d71%uff08psychosocial subsystem%uff09 %ue18f%u7ba1%u7406%u6b21%u7d1a%u7cfb%u7d71%uff08managerial subsystem%uff0927 %u95dc%u65bc%u6709%u6a5f%u6027%u7d50%u69cb%u8207%u6a5f%u68b0%u6027%u7d50%u69cb%u4e4b%u6bd4%u8f03%uff0c%u4e0b%u5217%u4f55%u8005%u932f%u8aa4%uff1f%ue18c%u6709%u6a5f%u6027%u7d50%u69cb%u5176%u50f5%u5316%u7a0b%u5ea6%u8f03%u4f4e%uff1b%u6a5f%u68b0%u6027%u7d50%u69cb%u5176%u50f5%u5316%u7a0b%u5ea6%u8f03%u9ad8%ue18d%u6709%u6a5f%u6027%u7d50%u69cb%u5176%u8907%u96dc%u5316%u7a0b%u5ea6%u8f03%u4f4e%uff1b%u6a5f%u68b0%u6027%u7d50%u69cb%u5176%u8907%u96dc%u5316%u7a0b%u5ea6%u8f03%u9ad8%ue18e%u6709%u6a5f%u6027%u7d50%u69cb%u5176%u6b63%u5f0f%u5316%u7a0b%u5ea6%u8f03%u4f4e%uff1b%u6a5f%u68b0%u6027%u7d50%u69cb%u5176%u6b63%u5f0f%u5316%u7a0b%u5ea6%u8f03%u9ad8%ue18f%u6709%u6a5f%u6027%u7d50%u69cb%u5176%u5206%u6b0a%u5316%u7a0b%u5ea6%u8f03%u4f4e%uff1b%u6a5f%u68b0%u6027%u7d50%u69cb%u5176%u5206%u6b0a%u5316%u7a0b%u5ea6%u8f03%u9ad828 %u5c31%u884c%u653f%u8cac%u4efb%u7684%u78ba%u4fdd%u9014%u5f91%u800c%u8a00%uff0c%u4e0b%u5217%u4f55%u8005%u4e0d%u5c6c%u5916%u90e8%u975e%u6b63%u5f0f%u78ba%u4fdd%u9014%u5f91%uff1f%ue18c%u516c%u6c11%u53c3%u8207 %ue18d%u5f0a%u7aef%u63ed%u767c %ue18e%u50b3%u64ad%u5a92%u9ad4 %ue18f%u8cc7%u8a0a%u81ea%u753129 %u76e7%u6eab%uff08Kurt Lewin%uff09%u3001%u61f7%u7279%uff08Ralph White%uff09%u8207%u674e%u6bd4%u7279%uff08Ronald Lippitt%uff09%u4e09%u4eba%u6240%u63d0%u7684%u9818%u5c0e%u578b%u614b%uff0c%u4e0d%u5305%u62ec%u4e0b%u5217%u4f55%u8005%uff1f%ue18c%u7368%u88c1%u5f0f%u7684%u9818%u5c0e %ue18d%u6c11%u4e3b%u5f0f%u7684%u9818%u5c0e %ue18e%u653e%u4efb%u5f0f%u7684%u9818%u5c0e %ue18f%u53c3%u8207%u5f0f%u7684%u9818%u5c0e30 %u4e0b%u5217%u4f55%u8005%u4e0d%u662f%u653f%u6cbb%u8207%u884c%u653f%u5206%u7acb%u8ad6%u7684%u4e3b%u5f35%uff1f%ue18c%u884c%u653f%u5b78%u53ef%u4ee5%u6210%u70ba%u7368%u7acb%u65bc%u653f%u6cbb%u5b78%u4e4b%u5916%u7684%u4e00%u9580%u5b78%u79d1 %ue18d%u884c%u653f%u79d1%u5b78%u61c9%u8a72%u50f9%u503c%u4e2d%u7acb%ue18e%u884c%u653f%u4eba%u54e1%u61c9%u8a72%u653f%u6cbb%u4e2d%u7acb %ue18f%u884c%u653f%u90e8%u9580%u4e0d%u53d7%u7acb%u6cd5%u90e8%u9580%u7684%u5236%u886131 %u7cfb%u7d71%u7406%u8ad6%uff08systems theory%uff09%u4e2d%u8a8d%u70ba%u7cfb%u7d71%u5177%u6709%u53cd%u71b5%u4f5c%u7528%uff08negative entropy%uff09%u662f%u6307%u4f55%u7fa9%uff1f%ue18c%u7cfb%u7d71%u5177%u6709%u754c%u7dda%uff0c%u53ef%u4ee5%u6392%u62d2%u6240%u6709%u5916%u5728%u74b0%u5883%u56e0%u7d20 %ue18d%u5404%u6b21%u7d1a%u7cfb%u7d71%u4e4b%u9593%u7368%u7acb%u904b%u4f5c%uff0c%u53ef%u4ee5%u6392%u9664%u4e0d%u5229%u56e0%u7d20%u4e4b%u5165%u4fb5%ue18e%u7cfb%u7d71%u5177%u6709%u958b%u653e%u6027%uff0c%u80fd%u751f%u751f%u4e0d%u606f%uff0c%u6c38%u7e8c%u767c%u5c55 %ue18f%u7cfb%u7d71%u76ee%u6a19%u55ae%u4e00%u5316%uff0c%u907f%u514d%u5206%u6563%u8cc7%u6e9032 %u8cfd%u8499%uff08H. Simon%uff09%u7814%u7a76%u516c%u5171%u884c%u653f%u6240%u63a1%u7528%u7684%u4e3b%u8981%u7406%u8ad6%u70ba%u4f55%uff1f%ue18c%u9700%u6c42%u7406%u8ad6 %ue18d%u6c7a%u7b56%u7406%u8ad6 %ue18e%u5c0f%u5718%u9ad4%u7406%u8ad6 %ue18f%u7d44%u7e54%u5c64%u7d1a%u7406%u8ad633 1990 %u5e74%u4ee3%u4ee5%u5f8c%u7684%u65b0%u516c%u5171%u7ba1%u7406%u4e3b%u8981%u662f%u4e0b%u5217%u90a3%u4e00%u9805%u6a21%u5f0f%u7684%u5177%u9ad4%u5c55%u73fe%uff1f%ue18c%u5e02%u5834%u6a21%u5f0f %ue18d%u53c3%u8207%u6a21%u5f0f %ue18e%u5f48%u6027%u6a21%u5f0f %ue18f%u9b06%u7d81%u6a21%u5f0f34 %u6709%u95dc%u54e5%u502b%u6bd4%u65af%u57fa%uff08R. Golembiewski%uff09%u5c0d%u7d44%u7e54%u767c%u5c55%u7406%u8ad6%u4e4b%u8ca2%u737b%uff0c%u4e0b%u5217%u6558%u8ff0%u4f55%u8005%u932f%u8aa4%uff1f%ue18c%u6380%u8d77%u4e86%u5de5%u4f5c%u8207%u502b%u7406%u7684%u63a5%u5408 %ue18d%u70ba%u7d44%u7e54%u767c%u5c55%u63d0%u4f9b%u57fa%u672c%u50f9%u503c%u7684%u6307%u5f15%ue18e%u53ea%u91cd%u7406%u8ad6%u5efa%u69cb%uff0c%u5ffd%u8996%u6280%u8853%u5c64%u9762 %ue18f%u5021%u5c0e%u5408%u4f5c%u53ca%u5171%u8b58%u9ad4%u7cfb35 %u4e0b%u5217%u6709%u95dc%u6b0a%u8b8a%u7406%u8ad6%uff08contingency theory%uff09%u4e4b%u6558%u8ff0%u4f55%u8005%u932f%u8aa4%uff1f%ue18c%u7279%u5225%u5f37%u8abf%u7d44%u7e54%u7684%u591a%u8b8a%u6027%ue18d%u6b0a%u8b8a%u7406%u8ad6%u7684%u6700%u7d42%u76ee%u7684%u5728%u65bc%u8a2d%u8a08%u53ca%u61c9%u7528%u6700%u9069%u5408%u65bc%u67d0%u4e9b%u7279%u5b9a%u60c5%u6cc1%u7684%u7d44%u7e54%u8a2d%u8a08%u8207%u7ba1%u7406%u65b9%u6cd5%ue18e%u7d44%u7e54%u53ca%u5176%u7ba1%u7406%u5b58%u5728%u4e00%u5957%u7d55%u5c0d%u6700%u597d%u7684%u65b9%u6cd5%ue18f%u6b0a%u8b8a%u7406%u8ad6%u5f37%u8abf%u5f48%u6027%u904b%u7528%u7ba1%u7406%u65b9%u6cd536 %u4e0b%u5217%u4f55%u4eba%u63d0%u51fa%u300cPOSDCORB%u300d%u4ee5%u5206%u5225%u4ee3%u8868%u898f%u5283%u3001%u7d44%u7e54%u3001%u7528%u4eba%u3001%u9818%u5c0e%u3001%u5354%u8abf%u3001%u5831%u544a%u3001%u9810%u7b97%u7b49%u4e03%u9805%u884c%u653f%u529f%u80fd%uff1f%ue18c%u9b4f%u52de%u7562%uff08W. Willoughby%uff09 %ue18d%u61f7%u7279%uff08L. White%uff09%ue18e%u53e4%u5fb7%u8afe%uff08F. Goodnow%uff09 %ue18f%u53e4%u7acb%u514b%uff08L. Gulick%uff09%u548c%u70cf%u5049%u514b%uff08L. Urwick%uff0937 %u5982%u5c07%u884c%u653f%u5b78%u7684%u767c%u5c55%u5206%u6210%u4e09%u500b%u6642%u671f%uff1a%u50b3%u7d71%u7406%u8ad6%u3001%u4fee%u6b63%u7406%u8ad6%u3001%u6574%u5408%u7406%u8ad6%uff0c%u4e0b%u5217%u4f55%u8005%u5c6c%u65bc%u50b3%u7d71%u7406%u8ad6%u6642%u671f%u4e4b%u7406%u8ad6%uff1f%ue18c%u884c%u653f%u7ba1%u7406%u5b78%u8aaa %ue18d%u7406%u6027%u6c7a%u7b56%u7406%u8ad6 %ue18e%u6fc0%u52f5%u4fdd%u5065%u7406%u8ad6 %ue18f%u958b%u653e%u7cfb%u7d71%u7406%u8ad637