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9.1 Conjunctions: And, Or, So, But

1. Conjunctions connect words, phrases, or Words: We’re having chicken, rice, and broccoli
clauses. for dinner tonight.
Phrases: Do you want to go to Paris or to Rome?
Clauses: I like Texas, so I moved to Dallas.
2. Use and to connect information that is You need flour, eggs, and sugar to make a cake.
similar. We also use and to add additional She likes to swim and play the drums.
information.

3. Use or to talk about choices or alternatives. Do you want pie or fruit for dessert?
Tonight I’ll watch TV or go to the gym.

4. Use so to show a result. So introduces a It was raining hard, so I took the bus.
clause. Do not use so to connect words or Cause Result
phrases.
5. Use but to show a contrast or a difference She lived in Mexico for years, but she never
between people, places, things, or ideas. learned Spanish.
6. Do not use a comma before a conjunction ✓ Tennis is fun but difficult.
when it connects two words or phrases. ✗ Tennis is fun, but difficult.

Use a comma before a conjunction when Mother’s Day is May 11 this year, and it’s my
it connects two independent clauses. An sister’s birthday.
independent clause can stand alone as a Do you want to go out to eat, or do you want to
complete sentence. stay home?

4 Circle the correct conjunction to complete each sentence.

1. Pitcher plants attract insects with bright colors, light, and / so tasty liquids.

2. Plants get nutrients from the ground or / so from insects.

3. Insects go inside plants but / and drink the liquid.

4. The Botanical Garden is closed today, so / but we can’t go.

5. Jamie knows a lot about nature, and / but he hasn’t heard of pitcher plants.

6. Are you going to water the plants now but / or later?

7. Tasha didn’t take care of her plants, so / but they died.

8. These flowers are beautiful, or / but they do not last a long time.

5 Complete the sentences with and, or, so, or but. Add commas if necessary.

1. Are you more interested in plants or animals?

2. Bella loves flowers she doesn’t have a garden.

3. These plants require a lot of sunlight water.

236 CONJUNCTIONS AND ADVErB CLAUSES
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