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Some pathogen that causes syphilis can't be grown in pure culture on artificial media. 1 .
culture cells are needed because viruses cannot be grown on artificial media و In viruses

Human Infection disease ( page 124 ) ناسنلاا يف ةيدعملا ارملأا

Spread of Disease (page 124 For a pathogen to spread it must have:

1) Human reservoir 1 )

Examples of disease that caused by pathogen :
and passed from human to human : *
* Colds *
* Influenza (Flu) ) (
* Meningitis (caused damage to brain and spinal cord)
Define Carrier :
Person who spreads germs while remaining well .
2) Animal reservoir
2 )
Examples of disease that caused by pathogen
and passed from animal to human : :
* Influenza (Flu) * Rabies * *
Animals that carries influenza include birds
Animals that carries Rabies include bats,
foxes, skunks and racoons
3-Inanimate objects ( Soil, water and food
3 )
Examples of disease that caused by pathogen
and passed from soil to human : :
* Wounds infections ,death( tetanus bacteria) ) ( *

B) A way to spread ( Transmission of pathogen 1 -
1-Direct contact
:
Direct contact with other humans transmit disease.
( * :
Example of diseases :
)
* Cold * Mononucleosis
2-Indirect contact
2 -
a) Through air )
)
b) Through contaminated objects

When the sick person sneeze or choughs pathogen
.
spread to another air or to an object as mucus droplets.
) ( 3 –
Vectors ( Organisms that carries a pathogen) * * *:
) 124 (
The most common vectors are arthropods. Example of vectors: Mosquitoes * Ticks * Flys

Examples of diseases that transmitted through vectors ( Look to the table page 124)
Disease name Pathogen Vector

Lyme disease Virus Tick
West Nile Virus Mosquito ( on horses)) (
Malaria Protozoan Mosquito

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