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EXAMPLE OF AUDIT USING DDD DATA
AMS Pharmacist monitors DDD
NO
E.g. Baseline = DDD Increases beyond the upper limit END
• Average DDD previous (e.g.>30% from baseline)
year
Upper limit: YES
• Percentage of increase Antibiotic to be prioritized
from baseline. Discussed for auditing:
and agreed among the
AMS Team members AMS Pharmacist alert the AMS Team 1. Carbapenem
2. Colistin
3. Cephalosporin (e.g.
Ceftriaxone)
4. Vancomycin
5. Piperacillin/Tazobactam
AMS Doctor and ward pharmacist to investigate the cause of the
increase in DDD (e.g: investigate the last 10-30 cases)
• Check indication of antibiotic whether it is clearly stated and
compliance to Antibiotic Guideline (Pharmacist)
• Diagnosis (ID Physician/Physician/Clinician)
1 week
Present finding to AMS Team
NO
Require intervention?
YES 1 week
AMS Doctor and ward pharmacist meet up with
relevant ward/department to give feedback
1 month
Follow-up on the outcome of the
intervention & feedback. Present to
AMS Team.
Second Edition 2022 | Protocol on Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) Programme in Healthcare Facilities 63
