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Lectures in Landscape and Urban Design
• Arbors
• Stone Benches
• Sprinkler Systems
These hardscape elements create focal points for visitors:
• Wooden arbors
• Fountains
• Stone columns
• Fireplaces
Other hardscape elements allow visitors to immerse themselves in the
landscape design, within designated areas. These features might include:
• Patios or decks for sitting, relaxing, and/or observing
• Walkways for navigating without disturbing the landscape
• Gazebos for central areas of relaxation
• Pergolas or structures to provide shelter from the elements
2. Softscape
Softscape is the “soft”, living part of your landscape, the vegetation. These
features may be permanent, such as shrubs and evergreens, or temporary like
perennials. Examples of softscape
include:
• Trees
• Shrubs
• Grass
• Flowers
• Vegetable Plants
• Soil
• Mulch
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Dr. Sherein El-Shahat
