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Building Construction 1

Types of Building Construction Systems:

1- Load Bearing Masonry Wall Construction:

Load bearing masonry walls is a form of construction that was used widely
from the 1700s to the mid-1900s. it consists of heavy brick or stone walls that
support horizontal floor slabs.

Bearing wall, or load-bearing wall, Wall that carries the load of floors
and roof above in addition to its own weight.

The traditional masonry bearing wall is thickened in proportion to the forces
it has to resist: its own weight, the dead load of floors and roof, the live load
of people, as well as the lateral forces of arches, vaults, and wind. Such walls
may be much thicker toward the base, where maximum loads accumulate.
Bearing walls may also be framed and sheathed or constructed of reinforced
concrete.

2- Column and Beam Structure System

The System of Columns and Beams have been used in Construction since
Ancient Egypt (Which lasted from about 3100BC until it was finally absorbed
in to the Roman Empire in 30 BC) Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. In
modern day construction, Column-Beam-Slab System is been used in all
superstructures with new technology, and construction materials. Generally
the load of the slab is transferred to the columns or walls through the beams,
down to the foundation, and then to the supporting soil beneath.

A column can be defined as a vertical structural member designed to transmit
a compressive load. A Column transmits the load from ceiling/roof slab and
beam, including its own weight to the foundation. Hence it should be realized
that the failure of a column results in the collapse of the entire structure. The
design of a column should therefore receive importance.

In the modern construction industry, Columns are mostly constructed by
concrete; apart from that materials such as Wood, Steel, Fibre-reinforced
polymer, Cellular PVC, and Aluminium too are been used. The type of
material is been decided on the scale, coast and application of the construction.

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Dr. Sherein El-Shahat