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Among the many recognizable symbols of      the old skull and crossbones variation. The Autumn   and stalked for the better part of the time since
         Halloween, dark literature and horror entertainment  wind is a Raider, goes the immortal Steve Sabol   motion pictures were invented. For instance, horror
         are the ever present skull and skeleton. The   poem, further associating the skull symbol and the   films like Sam Raimi’s Army of Darkness and its
         popularity of the skeleton as a symbol of horror or   Raiders with the fall season.      stop motion animated precursor, Ray Harryhausen’s
         impending doom has many origins, and in the case                                         innovative Clash of the Titans both employed
         of Halloween and other creepy celebrations, it isn’t   But the symbolism of the skull goes back even   skeletons as fighting soldiers of an undead army.
         hard to understand.                         further than the pirates of the 18th century. History
         Jack o’ lanterns are often spooky, with their   suggests that the introduction of the skull and   Walt Disney contributed to the skeleton’s
         strangely carved grins and foreboding orange glow,  crossbones emblem may have started with the   association with Halloween by the creation of
         black cats represent the night of the season with   Knights Templar in the 1100s, a large charity   an animated short visualizing skeletons as the
         their mythical attachment to superstition, and even   endorsed by the Catholic Church of that time   “danse macabre” in 1929. Its title is The Skeleton
         the traditional witch summons up a feeling of dread  period.                             Dance, and its one memorable foray into the world
         in many, with the pale green skin and the element                                        of cartoon skeletons that stands out because of
         of spell casting.                           As early as the second century, Christianity may   its status as both a well-made film and an early
         Still, the skeleton may be the scariest image of   have been using the skull and crossbones as a   animated short on the subject.
         them all. Think about it; what’s more macabre than   remembrance of the departed. The funerary use
         the unmanned frame of a body stalking about the   was found in different catacombs of Italy, with its   One of the most enduring modern animated
         streets under an autumn moon?               stark representation of those who had passed from   skeletons is a wiry, well-meaning but shadowy
                                                     the living. At that same time, the symbol was a   fellow by the name of Jack Skellington. Jack
         The skeleton as a representation of danger is of   portrayal of the Latin term “memento mori”, which   appears in the Disney and Tim Burton produced
         course nothing new. The imagery of the skull and   roughly translated means “remember death”.  film The Nightmare Before Christmas, and he’s a
         crossbones has graced many a pirate ship and flag                                        significant character in skeleton symbolism history
         over centuries in both fiction and non-fiction. The   The students at Yale University gave the skull   because he is the rare protagonist skeleton that is
         pirate flag, which came to be known as the “Jolly   and crossbones yet another delegation in 1832,   the lead of his own film. In other words, a singin’,
         Roger” as early as the 1720s, was a reflection   adopting the term “Skull and Bones” for their   dancin’ beloved “good guy” skelly character. There
         of an approaching ship announcing the intention   secret society. Along with the name came the   aren’t many.
         to attack. While the earliest pirate flags varied   inevitable use of the image of the skull and
         in design from full bodied skeletons engaged in   crossbones, used there to represent the mystery   Today, skeletons still signify their dark roots in the
         combat to merely the color black with no other   surrounding their presence.             form of some “poison” logos, as well as being a
         design, the skull and crossbones symbol came to                                          major element in many advertisements for the fall
         represent the pirate legend, and therefore, a feared   Of course, it’s easy to see how the skeleton   and Halloween season. Pro and home haunters use
         likeness for many.                          became an insignia of sorts for the holidays of   them in their decorating and to get people into the
                                                     All Hallows Eve and The Day of the Dead, where   spooky mood for some October fun and scares.
         The Oakland Raiders adapted a version of the   the attempt to honor and remember the dead are   But how many stop and wonder about the
         Jolly Roger for their football helmets in the sixties,   the overriding themes. The idea that Halloween   skeleton’s origins in popular culture, appearing
         and almost immediately became known as the   confronts the power of death makes the skeleton   all those years ago in some of the earliest known
         “villains” of the National Football League. Their   a particularly useful representation, and an image   traditions? Whatever the answer, the skeleton
         associated logo is on many hats and jackets   that has been around for centuries of celebrations.  will now forever be associated with the darkest
         around the world, and their fans remain as devoted                                       representations of the October legend, dancing and
         as any sports team in recent memory whether   Some of the more memorable and interesting uses   grinning their toothiest grins as they grotesquely
         the Raiders are enjoying a good season or not,   of skeletons come from television and cinema,   parade about the chilly autumn landscape on
         partially because of the black and silver design of   where they have resurrected, animated, danced   Halloween night.




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