Page 9 - Medicinal Plants_PharmD general

 Barks, such as cinnamon and cassia
 Flower buds, such as cloves
 Stigmas, such as saffron
 Roots and rhizomes, such as turmeric and ginger

4. Non-standardized extracts

The information about their quality is subject to variation and,
consequently, sometimes uncertain information about clinical
efficacy and pharmacological effects.

5. Standardized extracts

They generally have relatively well established chemical, clinical
and pharmacological profiles.

6. Pure compounds

They are often isolated from plants and are not considered to be
herbal medicines. These are pure chemical entities, often used in the
form of licensed medicines. Examples include:

 Morphine, from opium poppy (Papaver somniferum), used as
an analgesic.

 Digoxin and other digitalis glycosides, from foxglove
(Digitalis spp.), used to treat heart failure.

 Taxol, from the Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia), used as an
anticancer treatment.

 Quinine, from Cinchona bark (Cinchona spp.), used in the
treatment of malaria.

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