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Noninflammatory comedones on the face, chin, and cheek caused by occlusion of the
pilosebaceous unit by oil-based cosmetics, moisturizers, pomades, or other health and
beauty products
) A form of acne caused by constant picking, squeezing, or scratching at the skin, which
worsens the appearance of the skin
Local irritation or friction from occlusive clothing, headbands, helmets, or other friction-
producing devices
Excessive contact between face and hands, such as resting the chin or cheek on the hand
An acneiform eruption caused by exposure to chlorine compounds
More common
Anabolic steroids, bromides, corticosteroids, corticotropin, isoniazid, lithium, phenytoin
Less common
Azathioprine, cyclosporine, disulfiram, phenobarbital, quinidine, tetracycline, vitamins B1,
B6, B12, and D2
Increased androgen levels induced by medical conditions, pregnancy, or medications
Hydration-induced decrease in size of pilosebaceous duct orifice and prevention of
loosening of comedones caused by high-humidity environments and prolonged sweating
Exposure to dirt, vaporized cooking oils, or certain industrial chemicals, such as coal tar and
petroleum derivatives
May induce expression of neuroendocrine modulators and release of CRH, which play a role
in centrally and topically induced stress of the sebaceous glands and possibly the
progression of acne
