Page 16 - Cell biology PDC 2024

Functions:

• ER contains many of the enzymes thus helping in several
metabolic processes

• Synthesis of lipids like cholesterol and steroids.

• Rough ER allows for the modification of polypeptides emerging
out of the ribosomes to prepare secondary and tertiary structures of
the protein.

• ER also synthesizes various membrane proteins and has an
important role in preparing the nuclear envelope after cell division.

D) Golgi Apparatus

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for the packaging of macromolecules
into vesicles so that they can be sent out to their site of action.

It is involved in the exocytosis of various products and proteins like
zymogen, mucus, lactoprotein, and parts of the thyroid hormone

E) Lysosomes

They contain many hydrolytic enzymes required for the degradation of
various macromolecules.

There are two types of lysozymes: Primary lysosome containing
hydrolytic enzymes like lipases, amylases, proteases, and nucleases and
Secondary lysosome formed by the fusion of primary lysosomes
containing engulfed molecules or organelles

Functions:

• Responsible for intracellular digestion where the larger
macromolecules are degraded into smaller molecules with the help
of enzymes present in them.

• Lysozymes also perform autolysis of unwanted organelles within
the cytoplasm

F) Mitochondria

Mitochondria are double membrane-bound cell organelles

It is responsible for the oxidation of various substrates in the cell to
release energy in the form of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) so its main

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