Page 9 - Pharmd general phytochemistry I-Final2024_LEUCTERS

2- Phototoxic and photosensitizing effect:
Some V.O. containing furanocoumarins (are used in the treatment of
vitiligo) can after an initial photosensitizing effect.
They give phototoxic reactions which can be observed as erythema
(Redness of the skin, caused by hyperemia, increase of blood flow) and
formation of blisters.

3- Abortion provoking effect:
The uterus stimulating effect of some essential oils has been and is still
misused for abortion. Essential oils cause distinct filling of blood vessels
of the pelvis and strong contraction of the uterus. This misuse of essential
oils may be fatal.
ex. High doses of thujone containing essential oils as junipers (‫)اﻟﻌرﻋر‬
chenopodium oil and parsley fruit (‫ )اﻟﺑﻘدوﻧس‬oil.

4- Nephrotoxic effect:
Juniperus berry oil has a distinct kidney irritating effect because of a high
percentage of monoterpene hydrocarbons.
Severe damages of the kidneys could be observed on oral application of
turpentine and sandal wood oils.

5- Hepatotoxic effect:
Turpentine oil, on oral application in high doses may damage the liver. In
animal tests also safrole caused such damage.

6- Carcinogenic effect:
 β-asarone has a chromosome-damaging effect on human
lymphocytes

(white blood cell).

 Carcinogenic activity (liver carcinoma) may also be caused by safrole
(the main component of sassafras oil, used as spice it has lemon odor).
In some countries safrole is not permitted in food.

 Estragole (methyl chavicol) is the main constituents of one of the
varieties of fennel oil known as bitter fennel oil. Estragole has
carcinogenic and mutagenic effect. It is important to avoid the use of
estragole - rich chemotypes of fennel particularly for small children.

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