Page 36 - Statistics presented by Dr. Sara Ismail Aborass
P. 36
9/8/2023
3. Gross Errors
◉ Usually obvious - give “outlier” readings , results that appear to differ markedly
from all other data in a set of replicate measurements.
◉ They usually occur only occasionally, are often large, and may cause a result to
be either high or low.
◉ They are often the product of human errors.
◉ For example, if part of a precipitate is lost before weighing, analytical results
will be low.
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How to calculate systematic and random
Errors
Deviation of Deviation of
mean from replicates
true value from mean
value
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