Page 197 - BIOCHEMISTRY II

• The accumulation of ketones in body fluids, decreased pH,
electrolyte loss and dehydration from excessive urination, and
alterations in the bicarbonate buffer system result in diabetic
ketoacidosis (DKA). Untreated DKA can result in coma or death.

• DKA Results from breakdown of fat and overproduction of
ketones by the liver and loss of bicarbonate.

• Occurs when Diabetes Type 1 is undiagnosed or known diabetic has
increased energy needs, when under physical or emotional stress
or fails to take insulin. Mortality as high as 14%.

Diagnostic tests… 201

a) Blood glucose greater than 250 mg/dL
b) Blood pH less than 7.3
c) Blood bicarbonate less than 15 mEq/L
d) Ketones present in blood
e) Ketones and glucose present in urine
f) Electrolyte abnormalities (Na, K, Cl)
g) serum osmolality < 350 mosm/kg (normal 280-300)