Page 10 - Computer Graphics

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Aspect Ratio: “The ratio of image’s width to its height is known as the aspect
ratio of an image.” The height and width of an image are measured in length or
number of pixels.

For Example: If a graphics has an aspect ratio of 2:1, it means the width is twice
large to height.

It includes–

 Frame aspect ratio: Horizontal /Vertical Size
 Pixel aspect ratio: Width of Pixel/Height of Pixel

Applications of Image Processing

1. Computerized Photography
2. Space Image Processing (e.g., Hubble space telescope image,
Interplanetary probe images)
3. Medical/ Biological Image Processing
4. Automatic Character Recognition
5. Fingerprint/ Face/ Iris Recognition

6. Remote sensing
7. Industrial application

Format of Image Files

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group): It is used for digital images,
especially for those images which are composed of digital photography. The
‘.jpeg’ filename extension is used to save the file.

PNG (Portable Network Graphics): These files are commonly used to store
graphics for web images. PNG was developed to enhance the non-registered
replacement for Graphics Interchange Format. The ‘.png’ filename extension is

used to save the file.

GIF (Graphics Interchange Format): It is a file format for storing graphical
images up to 256 colors. PNG is based on a lossless compression method, which
makes higher quality output. PNG was created as a more powerful option to the
GIF file format. The ‘.gif’ filename extension is used to save the file.

TIFF/ TIF (Tagged Image File): These files can be saved in a collection of color
formats and many forms of compression. TIFF file is used to maintain image