Page 13 - JAVA Programming

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Abstraction

 Abstraction is the concept of object-oriented programming that
"shows" only essential attributes and "hides" unnecessary
information. The main purpose of abstraction is hiding the
unnecessary details from the users. Abstraction is selecting data from
a larger pool to show only relevant details of the object to the user. It
helps in reducing programming complexity and efforts. It is one of the
most important concepts of OOPs.

Encapsulation

 Encapsulation in Java is a mechanism to wrap up variables(data) and
methods(code) together as a single unit. It is the process of hiding
information details and protecting data and behaviour of the object. It
is one of the four important OOP concepts. The encapsulate class is
easy to test, so it is also better for unit testing.

Inheritance

 Inheritance is a mechanism in which one class acquires the property
of another class. For example, a child inherits the traits of his/her
parents. With inheritance, we can reuse the fields and methods of the
existing class. Hence, inheritance facilitates Reusability and is an
important concept of OOPs.

Types of Inheritance: -

Single Inheritance: In Single Inheritance one class extends another class
(one class only).

Multiple Inheritance: In Multiple Inheritance, one class extending more
than one class. Java does not support multiple inheritance.

Multilevel Inheritance: In Multilevel Inheritance, one class can inherit from
a derived class. Hence, the derived class becomes the base class for the new
class.

Hierarchical Inheritance: In Hierarchical Inheritance, one class is inherited
by many sub classes.
Hierarchical Inheritance

Hybrid Inheritance: Hybrid inheritance is a combination of Single and
Multiple inheritance.