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 of PhDs
                                                              Plantec, Q., Le Masson, P., Weil, B., & Cabanes, B.
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 beliefs,  and  normative  expectations).  These  can  act  as  push  factors  or  obstacles  to  the  diffusion  and   track record by engaging with collaborative   Ana Godonoga  Victoria Galán-Muros, C., Davey
 function of collaborative doctoral programmes. For them to be successful and thus sustainable, all three   doctorates. It still seems easier to transi-
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