Page 12 - NUMINO Challenge_C2
P. 12
Basic Concepts Multiplication: The Ancient Way
Unlike modern times, only nobles and government officials learned how to
do multiplication in the past. The multiplication method differed, depending
on the country and time period. Some ancient methods of multiplication
include: Egyptian multiplication, Russian multiplication, Frame method,
Napier’s method, etc.
Egyptian 23 13 299 Frame
Multiplication 23 1 Method 2
46 2
92 4 9
184 8 9
299 13
23 13 299
1 4 8 13
23 92 184 299
Example About 450 years ago, Napier, a Scottish mathematician, invented a
method to multiply numbers easily. The example below shows how
to solve 63 47 using Napier’s method. Calculate 53 34 using
Napier’ s method. 63 63
4
Class Notes 7 2 2 1 4
4 2
63ţ47
9 4 2 7
2 1
61
63ţ47% 2,961
Write 53 on the top of the chart, 34 on the right of the chart. Then, multiply the numbers
to complete the chart.
53 53
3
1 3
5
44
Add the numbers in the direction. If a number is greater than 10, carry it over.
Write the numbers in order in the direction to get the answer.
53
1 1 3
5
4 53 34
2
9Number and Operations
Unlike modern times, only nobles and government officials learned how to
do multiplication in the past. The multiplication method differed, depending
on the country and time period. Some ancient methods of multiplication
include: Egyptian multiplication, Russian multiplication, Frame method,
Napier’s method, etc.
Egyptian 23 13 299 Frame
Multiplication 23 1 Method 2
46 2
92 4 9
184 8 9
299 13
23 13 299
1 4 8 13
23 92 184 299
Example About 450 years ago, Napier, a Scottish mathematician, invented a
method to multiply numbers easily. The example below shows how
to solve 63 47 using Napier’s method. Calculate 53 34 using
Napier’ s method. 63 63
4
Class Notes 7 2 2 1 4
4 2
63ţ47
9 4 2 7
2 1
61
63ţ47% 2,961
Write 53 on the top of the chart, 34 on the right of the chart. Then, multiply the numbers
to complete the chart.
53 53
3
1 3
5
44
Add the numbers in the direction. If a number is greater than 10, carry it over.
Write the numbers in order in the direction to get the answer.
53
1 1 3
5
4 53 34
2
9Number and Operations
