Page 30 - FULL REPORT 30012024

carotid ultrasound findings, it can provide additional information about

the extent of arterial damage or narrowing, thus improving the accuracy

of risk assessing for stroke.

2.2 Big Data

According to Yaseen (2020), the meaning of big data is massive data
collections with a broad, intricate, and diversified structure. Moreover, it also

refers to enormously massive and complicated datasets that typical data
processing techniques are unable to handle, analyse, and mine for valuable

insights.

2.2.1 Types of Big Data

According to Dash et al. (2022), big data refers to various types of data that

are produced in enormous amounts and need various methods of analysis. It
can be classified as either structured or unstructured.

i. Unstructured Data

Unstructured data is described as data without a specific data model

or without an established organisational structure (Adnan, 2021).

Moreover, unstructured data lacks a specific data model and does not
cleanly fit into a conventional tabular structure, in contrast to

structured data, which is normally arranged into rows and columns

within databases.

On the other hand, unstructured data frequently exhibits complexity,
fluctuation, and vastness, which makes it difficult to process and

analyse using traditional data analysis approaches. Unstructured big
data can come from sources including social media, wearable

technology, and healthcare facilities (Kong, 2019).

13