Page 35 - The Miracle in the Atom

The Formation Adventure Of The Atom

that form the nucleus of the atom together? This force, which keeps the nuc-
leus intact, and which is the most powerful force defined by the laws of
physics, is the "strong nuclear force".
This force ensures that the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the
atom stay together without flying apart. The nucleus of the atom is formed
in this way. This force is so strong that it almost causes the protons and neut-
rons within the nucleus to bind to each other. This is why the minute partic-
les that possess this force are called "gluon" meaning "glue" in Latin. The
strength of this bond is adjusted very sensitively. The intensity of this force
has been specifically arranged to provide that the protons and neut- Carbon -14
rons keep at a certain distance to each other. If this force had 6 protons
8 neutrons
been just slightly stronger, the protons and the neutrons wo-
uld bump into each other. If this force had been slightly we-
aker, they would be dispersed. This force has just the pro-
per degree required for the formation of the nucleus of the
atom after the first seconds of the Big Bang.
The Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings were indica-
tive of how destructive the strong nuclear force becomes on-
ce it is liberated. The only reason atomic bombs, which will
be reviewed in more detail in the chapters ahead, are so
effective is the liberation of tiny amounts of this force
hidden in the nucleus of the atom.
Neutron
Electron
2. Safety Belt of the Atom:
the Weak Nuclear Force
One of the most important factors mainta- Proton
ining order on the earth is the balance within the
Neutrino
atom. This balance ensures that things do not
suddenly fall apart or emit harmful radiation. Photon
The "weak nuclear force" is responsible for
this balance between protons and neutrons
in the nucleus of the atom. This force plays an Nitrogen -14
7 protons,
important role in maintaining the equilibrium of 7 neutrons
the nuclei that contain high numbers of neutrons
and protons.

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