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The Origin Of The Fascist Mentality 35
the same method.
Anaximander, a student of Thales, developed the theory of evolution,
giving rise to to two important modes of Western thought. The first of these
was that the universe had always existed and will continue to exist into
eternity. The second was the idea that living things evolved from each other,
an idea which had slowly begun to take shape in Thales' time. The first written
work to discuss the theory of evolution was the classical poem On Nature, in
which Anaximander wrote that creatures arose from slime that had been
evaporated by the sun. He thought that the first animals lived in the sea and
had prickly, scaly coverings. As these fish-like creatures evolved, they moved
6
onto land, shed their scaly coverings, and became humans. Books on
philosophy describe how Anaximander shaped the foundation of the theory of
evolution:
We find that Anaximander of Miletus (611 B.C.-546 B.C.) advanced the
traditional evolutionary idea, already quite common in his day, that life
first evolved from a type of pre-biotic soup, helped along a bit by the
rays of the sun. He believed that the first animals developed from sea
slime which had been evaporated by the sun rays. He also believed that
men were descended from fish. 7
In short, one of the two fundamental components of Darwinism, the
claim that living things evolved from each other as a result of coincidences,
was the product of pagan philosophy. The second important element of
Darwin's theory, "the struggle for survival," was also a pagan belief. It was the
Greek philosophers who first suggested there was a war for survival between
living things in nature.
The notion of evolution, which the pagan philosophers had construed,
not by experiment and observation, but by abstract reasoning, began to be
reiterated in 18th century Europe. In pagan thought, the concept of evolution
was called "the Great Chain of Being," an idea that influenced such early
That is because God—He is the Truth, and what you
call upon besides Him is falsehood. God is the All-
High, the Most Great.
(Koran, 31:30)