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                              HARUN YAHYA (ADNAN OKTAR)
               Neo-Darwinism and Mutations

               In order to find a solution, Darwinists advanced the "Modern
             Synthetic Theory," or as it is more commonly known, Neo-Darwin-
             ism, at the end of the 1930s. Neo-Darwinism added mutations,
             which are distortions formed in the genes of living beings due to
             such external factors as radiation or replication errors, as the "cause
             of favourable variations" in addition to natural mutation.
               Today, the model that Darwinists espouse, despite their own
             awareness of its scientific invalidity, is neo-Darwinism. The theory
             maintains that millions of living beings formed as a result of a
             process whereby numerous complex organs of these organisms (e.g.,
             ears, eyes, lungs, and wings) underwent "mutations," that is, genetic
             disorders. Yet, there is an outright scientific fact that totally under-
             mines this theory: Mutations do not cause living beings to develop;
             on the contrary, they are always harmful.
               The reason for this is very simple: DNA has a very complex
             structure, and random effects can only harm it. The American
             geneticist B. G. Ranganathan explains this as follows:
               First, genuine mutations are very rare in nature. Secondly, most
               mutations are harmful since they are random, rather than orderly
               changes in the structure of genes; any random change in a highly
               ordered system will be for the worse, not for the better. For exam-
               ple, if an earthquake were to shake a highly ordered structure
               such as a building, there would be a random change in the frame-
               work of the building which, in all probability, would not be an
               improvement. 33
               Not surprisingly, no mutation example, which is useful, that is,
             which is observed to develop the genetic code, has been observed so
             far. All mutations have proved to be harmful. It was understood
             that mutation, which is presented as an "evolutionary mechanism,"
             is actually a genetic occurrence that harms living things, and leaves
             them disabled. (The most common effect of mutation on human
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