Page 61 - The Miraculous Machine that Works for an Entire Lifetime: Enzyme

Adnan Oktar

calculate the number of
Enzyme
substrates an enzyme sets
Protein substrate
into reaction in the course
Peptide bond of a second. This is known
Covalent
bond forms as the enzyme's turnover
between en-
zyme and number, and this number
substrate
varies for every individ-
Proton from enzyme
breaks peptide ual enzyme. Many en-
bond
zymes have turnover
numbers in the tens or
Induced fit
even hundreds; a few
even have turnover num-
Part of the sub- bers expressed in thou-
strate (P , as a
1
product) is freed sands.
from active site
One example is car-
bonic anhydrase. Nearly
half the carbon dioxide
Water molecule produced by tissues is car-
provides H and OH
groups to enzyme ried in a dissolved state to
and P 2 the lungs via the blood-
Covalent
bond be- stream. For this process,
tween en-
zyme and the level of carbon dioxide
P breaks
2 solution in the liquid envi-
ronment is rather high for

After the enzyme becomes involved
in a reaction, wide-ranging processes
take place, at an extraordinary speed.
For example, the speed at which the
Enzyme restored enzyme carbonic anhydrase enters a
reaction is just 2 microseconds. If
you stretched out a second to the
P (product) is freed length of a whole year, 1 microsecond
2
from active site lasts just as long as a soft-drink com-
mercial.

59