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ists, contends in his book One Long Argument that "particularly histori-
cal [puzzles] such as the origin of life or of Homo sapiens, are extremely dif-
ficult and may even resist a final, satisfying explanation." 40
By outlining the link chain as Australopithecus > Homo habilis > Homo
erectus > Homo sapiens, evolutionists imply that each of these species is one
another's ancestor. However, recent findings of paleoanthropologists
have revealed that Australopithecus, Homo habilis, and Homo erectus lived at
different parts of the world at the same time. 41
Moreover, a certain segment of humans classified as Homo erectus
have lived up until very modern times. Homo sapiens neandarthalensis
and Homo sapiens sapiens (present-day man) co-existed in the same re-
gion. 42
This situation apparently indicates the invalidity of the claim that
they are ancestors of one another. The late Stephen Jay Gould explained
this deadlock of the theory of evolution although he was himself one of
the leading advocates of evolution in the twentieth century:
What has become of our ladder if there are three coexisting lineages of ho-
minids (A. africanus, the robust australopithecines, and H. habilis), none
clearly derived from another? Moreover, none of the three display any
evolutionary trends during their tenure on earth. 43
Put briefly, the scenario of human evolution, which is "upheld" with
the help of various drawings of some "half ape, half human" creatures ap-
pearing in the media and course books, that is, frankly, by means of pro-
paganda, is nothing but a tale with no scientific foundation.
Lord Solly Zuckerman, one of the most famous and respected scien-
tists in the U.K., who carried out research on this subject for years and
studied Australopithecus fossils for 15 years, finally concluded, despite
being an evolutionist himself, that there is, in fact, no such family tree
branching out from ape-like creatures to man.
Zuckerman also made an interesting "spectrum of science" ranging
from those he considered scientific to those he considered unscientific.
According to Zuckerman's spectrum, the most "scientific"—that is, de-
pending on concrete data—fields of science are chemistry and physics.

Mary: An Exemplary Muslim Woman