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Notes
N o t e s

1. Herbert Spencer, Social Status, (emphasis added)
1850, pp. 414-415. 9. Ibid., pp. 430-431, 411 (emphasis
2. Richard Hofstadter, Social Dar- added)
winism in American Thought, Rev. 10. Karl Polanyi, The Great Trans-
Ed., Boston: Beacon Press, 1955, formation, Boston: Beacon Press,
p. 41. 1957, p. 112.
3. Mark Kingwell, "Competitive 11. Ibid.
States of America, Microsoft pro-
12. Sir Gavin de Beer, Charles Dar-
ves it: we're still wrestling with
win, London : Thomas Nelson &
that treasured national ideal,"
Sons, 1963.
New York Times, June 25, 2000;
13. C. Darwin, On the Origin of
http://www.spaceship-
Species by Means of Natural Selecti-
earth.org/Letters/Editor/Com-
on, London, 1859, 2nd edition
petitive_States_of_America.htm
1964, Cambridge:Harvard Uni-
4. "Modern History Sourcebook:
versity Press, p. 64.
William Graham Sumner (1840-
14. Ibid.
1910): "The Challenge of Facts;"
http://www.fordham.edu/hal- 15. Hofstadter, Social Darwinism
sall/mod/1914sumner.html in American Thought, p. 88.
5. Stephen Jay Gould, The Misme- 16. Ian Taylor, "Historical Sketch:
asure of Man, New York: W.W. Robert Thomas Malthus (1766-
Norton and Company, 1981, p. 1834);" http://www.creati-
72. onism.org/csshs/v04n3p18.htm
6. Francis Darwin, The life and Let- 17. Ian Taylor, In the Minds of
ters of Charles Darwin, D. Apple- Men, Toronto: TFE Publishing,
ton and Co., 1896, vol. 2, p. 294. 3rd. ed., 1991, p. 65.
7. "Darwin as Epicurean: An In- 18. Jerry Bergman, "Darwin's Inf-
terview with Benjamin Wiker," luence on Ruthless Laissez Faire
http://www.touchstone- Capitalism," March 2001;
mag.com/docs/issu- http://www.icr.org/pubs/imp/i
es/15.8docs/15-8pg43.html mp-333.htm
8. Thomas R. Malthus, An Essay 19. Robert Hunter, Poverty, New
on the principle of population as it York: Torchbooks, 1965.
affects the future improvement of so- 20. Jeanne Stellman, Susan Da-
ciety, Reprint, London: Reeves um, Work is Dangerous to Your He-
and Turner, (1798) 1878, p. 412. alth, New York: Random House

The Social Weapon: Darwinism