Page 183 - Photosynthesis: The Green Miracle

Harun Yahya

Water – Photosystem II

This complex picture does not end here. The P680 that gave its elec-
trons to P700 is now without an electron. However, another system has
been established to meet this deficiency. The P680 electrons are obtained
by the water carried up from the roots to the leaves being broken down
into hydrogen and oxygen ions and free electrons. The electrons from the
H O supply the missing P680 electrons by flowing to Photosystem II.
2
Some of the hydrogen ions are used to produce NADPH at the end of the
electron transport chain, and the freed O molecules are released back in-
2
to the atmosphere.
This chain of events, which is expressed in even its simplest terms, is
very difficult to understand but which ensures the progressive release of
energy is a sign of a superior design and infinite intelligence. Thanks to
this complex and superior design, the chloroplasts and cell membranes
are protected against any harmful rise in temperature. And in addition
sufficient time is gained for the plant to manufacture such basic products

as NADPH and ATP.
Another miracle that emerges in the design of photosynthesis is es-
pecially striking. As mentioned, the Photosystem I and II antenna are di-
vided into two: P700 and P680. The 20-nanometer difference in the light
wavelengths caught by the two receptors plays a key role in the function-
ing of the entire system. In fact, these two receptors possess the same
structure and form. Yet the existence of separate molecules, known as Kla
that serve as traps for light reveals the difference between them. A Creator
possessed of infinite knowledge designed the special systems to obtain a

distance of 20 nanometers (1 nanometer is 1 billionth of a meter—so small
that it’s hard even to imagine,) in a system built on such minute numbers
and proportions.
The first stage in photosynthesis is actually a preparatory phase, de-
spite such superior systems being in operation. The substances used as fu-

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