Page 104 - The Miracle of Protein

102 THE MIRACLE OF PROTEIN

The diagram on the previous page shows the folding stages
of some proteins. The single sugar molecule attached to the
proteins is recognized by proteins called calnexin. After the
sugar molecule is recognized, the protein is folded. Another en-
zyme later comes and removes the sugar molecule from the

now folded protein. If the protein is not yet fully folded, anoth-
er enzyme will recognize this and add another sugar molecule
to the protein in the correct location. The protein with sugar
will be recognized by calnexin again and folding will continue.
Then the protein will again be released. This process will con-
tinue until the protein attains its final form.

Evolutionary Dilemma in the Face of
Chaperones and Proteins

It is clear that life cannot emerge by chance. Countless
proteins, enzymes and nucleic acids like DNA and RNA work
together in a coordination way in our cells. Indeed, it is a math-
ematical fact that not even a single protein could come into be-

ing by evolution.
However, there is another interesting dilemma the theory
of evolution faces. Proteins and DNAs are created completely
interdependently. One cannot exist without the other. The fa-
mous evolutionist, Dr. Leslie Orgel, admits this fact in his1994

article :
“It is extremely unlikely that highly complex enzymes and nu-
cleic acids (RNA and DNA) have come into being by chance at
the same time and in the same place. And it is not possible to
obtain one of these without the other. Therefore, one cannot
reach any conclusion other than that life cannot emerge
through chemical means.” 32