Page 113 - The Miracle of Protein

ADNAN OKTAR (HARUN YAHYA) 111

Details of the System

Proteins that are not folded in the correct three-dimen-
sional manner, are tagged with ubiquitin. Ubiquitin is by no
means, alone in this task. E1, E2 and R3 enzymes that it works
with are also used in this process. E1 enzyme delivers the ubiq-
uitin to the E2-E3 complex. E3 is the enzyme that identifies
faulty proteins. There are many E3 enzymes in the cell and each
are responsible for determining if the proteins in their area are

folded correctly. When the body determines that there is a de-
fective protein, E2-E3 complex attaches the tag molecule to the
faulty protein. After that, the tags of ubiquitin are serially at-
tached to that distorted protein. The protein that is tagged by

the ubiquitins is now ready for destruction. 39

Absence of Proteasome Causes Cell’s
Death

Proteasome is a smart recycling machine. This wonderful
structure is made up of many sub-units that function to destroy
tagged proteins, in other words faulty proteins. However, it will

not harm the tag, which is also a protein.
Proteasomes have many sub units and act like conscious
recycling machines. They break proteins down to their amino
acids, which is a crucial task. For instance, researchers discov-
ered that when the proteasomes are prevented from breaking
down the proteins working in cell cycle, cancer could result. 40

Many different molecules collaborate in the quality control sys-
tem. They join forces for a common purpose. All these systems
beg an important question: how can one protein know if anoth-
er protein needs to be recycled? How did it develop a technique
to tag it once it determines that it has been damaged? How can