Page 109 - If Darwin Had Known about DNA

Adnan Oktar

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T The synthesis of RNA from DNA (transcription) )
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The first stage in protein production is the synthesis of RNA. This
process begins with the opening of the DNA helix. The bases adenine,
guanine, cytosine and thymine opposite one another in the DNA mol-
ecule combine in such a way as to join the two backbones and give rise
to a helical structure. During the transcription phase, these bases let go
of one another and the double helix of the DNA molecule begins sepa-
rating, just like the two sides of a zipper.
As the DNA begins to unravel, a special protein known as RNA
polymerase begins reading the DNA by traveling along it. During the
course of this reading, new RNA is produced by the successive addition
of the corresponding bases. This RNA being manufactured is messen-
ger RNA (mRNA). The difference between mRNA and DNA is that in-
stead of the base adenine being opposite thymine, a base known as ura-
cil (represented by the letter U, for short) does so.
These bases are arranged in groups of three. The messenger RNA,
whose production is now complete, is then subjected to a series of proc-
esses and separated from the DNA. In much the same way that a sculp-
tor adjusts carved a statue right down to the finest detail, the cell directs
a string of enzymes to adjust the crude RNA produced.

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T The synthesis of protein from RNA (translation) )

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The messenger RNA, whose adjustment processes completed,
emerges from the nucleus and bonds an organelle known as the ribo-
some, the cell's energy-production plant. One feature of the messenger
RNA molecule is that its bases are set out in groups of three, known as
codons. The reading of these three-part groups begins after mRNA has
bonded to the ribosome.
Another variety of RNA known as transporter RNA (Trna) which,
during protein synthesis carry the amino acids that will make up the
new proteins. Unlike the messenger RNA or DNA molecules, trans-