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of evolution was advanced extensively in the nineteenth century. The
        most important development that made it the top topic of the world of
        science was Charles Darwin’s The Origin of Species, published in 1859. In
        this book, he denied that Allah created different living species on Earth
        separately, for he claimed that all living beings had a common ancestor
        and had diversified over time through small changes. Darwin’s theory
        was not based on any concrete scientific finding; as he also accepted, it
        was just an “assumption.” Moreover, as Darwin confessed in the long
        chapter of his book titled “Difficulties of the Theory,” the theory failed in
        the face of many critical questions.
           Darwin invested all of his hopes in new scientific discoveries, which
        he expected to solve these difficulties. However, contrary to his expecta-
        tions, scientific findings expanded the dimensions of these difficulties.
        The defeat of Darwinism in the face of science can be reviewed under
        three basic topics:
           1) The theory cannot explain how life originated on Earth.
           2) No scientific finding shows that the “evolutionary mechanisms”
        proposed by the theory have any evolutionary power at all.
           3) The fossil record proves the exact opposite of what the theory sug-
        gests.
           In this section, we will examine these three basic points in general
        outlines:


            THE FIRST INSURMOUNTABLE STEP: THE ORIGIN OF LIFE

           The theory of evolution posits that all living species evolved from a
        single living cell that emerged on the primitive Earth 3.8 billion years
        ago. How a single cell could generate millions of complex living species
        and, if such an evolution really occurred, why traces of it cannot be ob-
        served in the fossil record are some of the questions that the theory can-
        not answer. However, first and foremost, we need to ask: How did this
        “first cell” originate?

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