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160 THE MIRACLE OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
ontologist from Harvard University, Stephen Jay Gould,
explains this deadlock of the theory of evolution,
although he is an evolutionist himself:
What has become of our ladder if there are three
coexisting lineages of hominids (A. africanus, the
robust australopithecines, and H. habilis), none clearly
derived from another? Moreover, none of the three
display any evolutionary trends during their tenure on
earth. 35
Put briefly, the scenario of human evolution, which
is "upheld" with the help of various drawings of some
"half ape, half human" creatures appearing in the media
and course books, that is, frankly, by means of propa-
ganda, is nothing but a tale with no scientific foundation.
Lord Solly Zuckerman, one of the most famous and
respected scientists in the U.K., who carried out
research on this subject for years and studied
Australopithecus fossils for 15 years, finally concluded,
despite being an evolutionist himself, that there is, in
fact, no such family tree branching out from ape-like
creatures to man.
Zuckerman also made an interesting "spectrum of
science" ranging from those he considered scientific to
those he considered unscientific. According to
Zuckerman's spectrum, the most "scientific" — that is,
depending on concrete data — fields of science are
chemistry and physics. After them come the biological
sciences and then the social sciences. At the far end of
the spectrum, which is the part considered to be most
"unscientific," are "extra-sensory perception" — con-
cepts such as telepathy and sixth sense — and finally