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#3620

Effect of betel type (Piper sp) and concentration of betel leaf
extract on quality and antibacterial activities of transparent

solid soap

I Hafizah , Y Aisyah and D Hasni
1
1
1
1 Agricultural Product Technology Department, Agriculture Faculty,
Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh, Indonesia 23111
E-mail: yuliani.aisyah@unsyiah.ac.id

Abstract. Betel is an Asian medical plant that has antibacterial properties. Its antibacterial
properties produced by betel’s active substance such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and
essential oil. Addition of betel extract to soap during its production steps may affects the quality
characteristics, organoleptic and antibacterial activity of transparent solid soap. This research
aims to identify the mentioned hypothesis above based on the used of betel types and its extract
concentration. This study used a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD) using the
factor of betel types, red betel (S1) and green betel (S2) and concentrations of betel extract,
which are, 2.5% (K1); 5% (K2); 7.5% (K3) and 10% (K4). The collected data were analyzed
using the Analysis of Variance test (ANOVA) and continued with the Duncan test Multiple
Range Test (DMRT). Test results on quality characteristics showed that the soap has moisture
contents between 1.24%-5.64%, free alkalis between 0.03%-0.44%, and pH with range 10.72-
11.31. All samples are qualified to the soap national standard SNI 3532-2016. Red betel
transparent soap has higher moisture contents and free alkali levels as the added concentration
increases than the soap with added green betel extraxt. For its aroma, colors and transparancy,
panellist hedonically tend to like the red betel soap than the green. However as the added extracts
betel concentration increase up to 10%d, its colours were darker, transparancies were lower and
the soap bar was denser which lead to lower panelist preferences for both betel types. The results
show the best treatment is transparent soap with red betel extract 2.5% because the it had the
best score in each test as well as remarkable antibacterial activities of Staphylococcus aureus
amongst other treatments.

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