Page 2 - e-cat Bio-D Plain Flyer

Table 1:
Bio-D degrades into carbon dioxide, water (or methane), mineral salts and biomass. According to the strict European standards,
EN 13432 and EN 14995, a material can be considered as biodegradable if it degrades by at least 90% within 6 months (180 days).
The biodegradability test guarantees that the leftovers (with maximum level of 10%) will be degraded safely into the ground. UNI
EN 14046 and ISO 14855-1 standards regulate the execution of ultimate aerobic biodegradation under controlled composting
conditions. During these tests of our Bio-D, fine particles of Bio-D material were placed in compost (a mixture of organic materials
particularly apt for the developing of microorganisms) and kept at controlled temperature (58°) and humidity (40%), under presence
of oxygen. After 180 days, Bio-D resulted to be biodegradable in compost by reaching an average value greater than 90%. This
confirms that the Bio-D is biodegradable in accordance with UNI EN 13432-2000.
Aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation

Aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation
Organic material (polymetric chains) Aerobic biodegradation (+O ) CO +H O
+
Organic material (polymetric chains) Aerobic biodegradation (+O ) CO +H O
+
Biomass

Biomass
+
Microorganisms Anaerobic biodegradation (-O ) CO +CH

+
Microorganisms Anaerobic biodegradation (-O ) CO +CH

The below chart shows the biodegradability curve of the Bio-D, as follow: Blue colour = Bio-D; Yellow colour Cellulose, used as
benchmark reference item because 100% biodegradable.

100
90
100
80
90
70
% biodegradability % biodegradability 70
80
60
50
60
40
50
30
40
20
30
10
20
0
10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180
days Avicel Bio-D
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180
days Avicel Bio-D

Before degradation Compost nale Back to nature

Before degradation Compost nale Back to nature