Page 8 - July-December 2019 [Compatibility Mode]

ENVIS newsletter

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Integrated Pest Management
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Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an effective and
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environmentally sensitive approach to pest management that
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relies on a combination of common-sense practices. IPM
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programs use current, comprehensive information on the life
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cycles of pests and their interaction with the environment. This
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information, in combination with available pest control methods,
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is used to manage pest damage by the most economical means,
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and with the least possible hazard to people, property, and the
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environment.
The IPM approach can be applied to both agricultural
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and non-agricultural settings, such as the home, garden, and
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workplace. IPM takes advantage of all appropriate pest The integrated pest management
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management options including, but not limited to, the judicious is now the ideal systemfor protection of
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use of pesticides. In contrast, organic food production applies agricultural crops, domestic animals,
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many of the same concepts as IPM but limits the use of stored products, public health, and the
pesticides to those that are produced from natural sources, as structure of human dwellings against the
opposed to synthetic chemicals. attackof arthropodpests, plant andanimal
diseases,andweeds.
Origin and history of IPM
Objectives
The concept of IPM emerged about 60 years ago when
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entomologists from California, USA observed that the sole use of IPM has three main objectives:
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chemical pesticides could not be the solution to insect pests’ first, maintaining a balanced sustainable
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p r o b l e m . I n s e c t r e s i s t a n c e t o o r g a n s y n t h e t i c i i i n s e c t t t i i i c i i i d e s , , , e c o s y s t e m a n d a h e a l t h y e n v i r o n m e n t b y
problem. Insect resistance to organ synthetic insecticides,
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ecosystemand a healthy environment by
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resurgence of primary pests, upsurges of secondary pests, and reducing the use of pesticides and their
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environmental pollution initiated the notion of IPM. It has been negativeimpacts; second, savingmoneyby
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emphasized that chemical control should be employed to reduce reducing chemical pesticides inputs, crop
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a pest population only when natural controls are inadequate. lossesduetoinsectdamageandeventually
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Intervention to control pest should also be made when byreducingthepestmanagementcost;and
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populations rise to levels that cause economic damage. third, protectinghumanandanimal health
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Additionally, the cost of control must cover the amount lost due by providing food and feed that is free of
to the pest damage and negative effect on the ecosystem, due to pesticideresidues.
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the application of pesticide, and should be to the minimum. The
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IPM concept has three basic elements: HowdoIPMprogramswork?
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maintaining insect populations below levels that cause IPM is not a single pest control
economic damage; method but, rather, a series of pest
using multiple tactics, in an integrated fashion, to manage management evaluations, decisions and
insect populations; controls. In practicing IPM, growers who
and conserving environment quality. are aware of the potential for pest
infestation follow a four-tiered approach.
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The publication of the book “silent spring” is considered Thefourstepsinclude:
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one of the most important events that hastened the perception
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of IPM as a new paradigm of pest control. The adoption and
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support given to IPM by the FAO in 1967 is a major factor behind
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the development of IPM. Additionally, the establishment of
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Farmers Fields Schools (FFS) in 1989 for rice field in Asia, as
extension methods, hastened the adoption and applicationapplication of
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IPM at farmer level. Recently, the European Union has adopted
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IPM as a policy for management of insect pests.
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