Page 84 - 2014 Printable Abstract Book
P. 84
cells. Such responses are thought to protect the organism by enhancing repair in a community of cells and
by eliminating severely damaged cells. Supported by grants from: “Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und
Technologie“(BMWi: ESA-AO-08-IBER, 50WB1229), Bundesministerium für Bildung und
Forschung“(BMBF: 02NUK005C and 03NUK001B).
(S2204) Looking forward at the impacts of NTE. Scott J. Bright, Oxford Brookes University School of Life
Sciences, Oxford, United Kingdom
The classical theory of radiobiology has for a long time been considered as the central principle behind
radiation induced biological effects, where the nucleus is the sensitive target. It has however had to merge
with a more recently described radiation response called non-targeted effects (NTE) which is in fact an
umbrella term for a number of effects induced by radiation exposure. The most well-known NTE are
perhaps genomic instability (GI) and bystander effects (BE). Which are similar in the fact they do not
require the direct exposure to ionizing radiation. In the case of GI, cells exposed to radiation gradually lose
control of their genetic material. These genetic changes appear multiple generations after exposure and
are therefore a result of a secondary process other than direct exposure. Bystander effects are a result of
cell communication between irradiated cells and neighboring cells that received no radiation exposure,
the result of this communication is the appearance of radiation like effects in the un-irradiated cells. The
predominant mechanism of communication can be through gap junctions linking immediately adjacent
cells or through a soluble diffusion factor(s) that is secreted and acts at a distant site. Other NTE include
adaptive response, where a small priming dose of radiation can promote a beneficial radiation response
to a subsequent larger dose and Abscopal effects which are similar to bystander effects but generally
based in a clinical environment with tissue communication being the defining feature. Currently our
understanding of NTE is limited to certain signaling pathways / molecules, and as yet there is no theory
that describes or can accurately predict the occurrence or outcome of these non-targeted effects. There
are numerous groups investigating these processes in vitro and in vivo and steady progress is being made.
Understanding NTE may also aid our understanding of other biological systems such as immune processes.
The ultimate effect of non-targeted effects is to increase the volume of “exposed” biological material. This
has the potential to impact on human health in a number of ways from enhanced treatment and
diagnostic procedures to better risk evaluation for radiation - related situations including space flight. In
this talk the current and future impacts of NTE will be discussed.
S23 INTEGRATING BASIC RADIOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND EDIPDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES
(RRS/NCRP SYMPOSIUM)
To gain a greater understanding of the biological interactions and health effects of low doses of
ionizing radiation, the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) is preparing a
Commentary that should be available this year. The charge to scientific committee (SC 1-21) is to provide
a broad overview on the integration of results of basic science studies, including biomarkers and
bioindicators of cancer and other diseases, with epidemiologic studies on health effects of low doses of
radiation. The committee members have expertise and experience in epidemiology, radiation biology,
radiation oncology and biomarkers, biostatistics, and health physics and dosimetry. The following areas
are highlighted. Radiobiology – the complexity of the interplay of DNA repair, signaling pathways, and
82 | P a g e
by eliminating severely damaged cells. Supported by grants from: “Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und
Technologie“(BMWi: ESA-AO-08-IBER, 50WB1229), Bundesministerium für Bildung und
Forschung“(BMBF: 02NUK005C and 03NUK001B).
(S2204) Looking forward at the impacts of NTE. Scott J. Bright, Oxford Brookes University School of Life
Sciences, Oxford, United Kingdom
The classical theory of radiobiology has for a long time been considered as the central principle behind
radiation induced biological effects, where the nucleus is the sensitive target. It has however had to merge
with a more recently described radiation response called non-targeted effects (NTE) which is in fact an
umbrella term for a number of effects induced by radiation exposure. The most well-known NTE are
perhaps genomic instability (GI) and bystander effects (BE). Which are similar in the fact they do not
require the direct exposure to ionizing radiation. In the case of GI, cells exposed to radiation gradually lose
control of their genetic material. These genetic changes appear multiple generations after exposure and
are therefore a result of a secondary process other than direct exposure. Bystander effects are a result of
cell communication between irradiated cells and neighboring cells that received no radiation exposure,
the result of this communication is the appearance of radiation like effects in the un-irradiated cells. The
predominant mechanism of communication can be through gap junctions linking immediately adjacent
cells or through a soluble diffusion factor(s) that is secreted and acts at a distant site. Other NTE include
adaptive response, where a small priming dose of radiation can promote a beneficial radiation response
to a subsequent larger dose and Abscopal effects which are similar to bystander effects but generally
based in a clinical environment with tissue communication being the defining feature. Currently our
understanding of NTE is limited to certain signaling pathways / molecules, and as yet there is no theory
that describes or can accurately predict the occurrence or outcome of these non-targeted effects. There
are numerous groups investigating these processes in vitro and in vivo and steady progress is being made.
Understanding NTE may also aid our understanding of other biological systems such as immune processes.
The ultimate effect of non-targeted effects is to increase the volume of “exposed” biological material. This
has the potential to impact on human health in a number of ways from enhanced treatment and
diagnostic procedures to better risk evaluation for radiation - related situations including space flight. In
this talk the current and future impacts of NTE will be discussed.
S23 INTEGRATING BASIC RADIOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND EDIPDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES
(RRS/NCRP SYMPOSIUM)
To gain a greater understanding of the biological interactions and health effects of low doses of
ionizing radiation, the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) is preparing a
Commentary that should be available this year. The charge to scientific committee (SC 1-21) is to provide
a broad overview on the integration of results of basic science studies, including biomarkers and
bioindicators of cancer and other diseases, with epidemiologic studies on health effects of low doses of
radiation. The committee members have expertise and experience in epidemiology, radiation biology,
radiation oncology and biomarkers, biostatistics, and health physics and dosimetry. The following areas
are highlighted. Radiobiology – the complexity of the interplay of DNA repair, signaling pathways, and
82 | P a g e
