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54  TOPIC 3 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT FOR INFANTS AND TODDLERS
• Toddlers begin to explore and master the movements of their bodies through a variety of activities that involve the movement of their fine motor and gross motor muscles.
• An infantsÊ floor plan should take into account the area arrangement for such basic activities as arrival and departure, play, sleeping, feeding, and diapering. A well-planed infantsÊ floor plan should have specific areas such as sleeping and playing areas.
• Toddlers need to move freely over an expansive, horizontal surface with moderate changes in level that are larger than infantsÊ space. This space should be able to help them balance and develop their walking skills.
Emotional well-being First-hand experience Five senses
Hand-eye coordination
Nervous system Physical environment Self-directed
Ardiel, E. & Rankin, C. H. (2010). The importance of touch in development. Retrieved from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2865952/
Berk, L. E. (2009). Child development (8th ed.). London, UK: Allyn & Bacon.
Essa, E. L. (2011). Introduction to early childhood education. (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
Hobbs, S. (2011). The vital importance of touch. Retrieved from http://www.motheringtouch.ca/blog/the-vital-importance-of-touch/
Morrison, G. S. (2011). Fundamentals of early childhood education. (6th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson.
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