Page 55 - Makino,Tsutusi.DictionaryOfIntermediateJGrammar

SPECIAL TOPICS IN INTERMEDIATE JAPANESE GRAMMAR

(He cried.)
b. %L& eo
V Aux.
(I want to go, too.)

c. -- gL.W- tPo
Adj(i) Prt.
(Is (it) cheap?)
d. m 13f2 ;la,
Adj(na) Aux. Prt.
(It seems convenient, doesn't it?)
7mCL ++A*b,
e. @iAbi%& f?~f: -?3 fZ0*
N Cop. Aux.
(I heard that she was a teacher.)
2. NPs
As seen in (3), NPs appear as either pre-verbal elements (with a particle) or
verbal elements (with a copula). There are varieties of NP structures, as seen
below. Long and complex sentences often include large NPs composed of NPs
with different types of structures; therefore, understanding these structural vari-
ations is essential for accurate sentence structure analysis.

2.1. Nouns / Pronouns
Single nouns, pronouns, and compound nouns are in this category.
Examples:
li L 63 t? I:@$ 7Y< L liL+b, k'
(5) $ (book); LLl Bl 3 A (Mr. Yamada); iF1. (I); Z kL (this); A 5%zt%%lJi3f
(entrance examination system)

*When certain auxiliaries follow an NP with a copula, the copula drops, as in (i).
(i) E~C~B ~~hk~~li~,
N Aux.
(She might be a teacher.)